Umatshini weBronoscopy wonyango

I-Bronchoscope sisixhobo esisisiseko sokuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa kwezifo zokuphefumla zanamhlanje. Ifumana isisombululo esipheleleyo ukusuka ekuxilongeni ukuya kunyango ngokungena kancinci, okubonakalayo kunye neendlela zobugcisa ezichanekileyo. Oku kulandelayo kuyintshayelelo evela kwimilinganiselo emihlanu: umgaqo wobugcisa, isicelo seklinikhi, uhlobo lwezixhobo, inkqubo yokusebenza kunye nendlela yophuhliso.

1. Umgaqo wobugcisa kunye nokwakhiwa kwezixhobo

I-Bronchoscopy yi-endoscope eguquguqukayo okanye eqinile engena kwi-trachea, i-bronchi kunye ne-distal airways ngomlomo / impumlo. Amacandelo aphambili aquka:

Umzimba wesibuko: i-ultra-fine diameter (2.8 ~ 6mm), uyilo olugobekileyo, olulungelelanisiweyo kwisakhiwo se-anatomical yomoya onzima.

Inkqubo yokucinga: inkcazo ephezulu ye-CMOS / i-fiber optic yokuhanjiswa komfanekiso, ukuxhasa ukukhanya okumhlophe, i-NBI (i-imaging yebhendi encinci), i-fluorescence kunye nezinye iindlela.

Ishaneli esebenzayo: inokufaka i-biopsy forceps, iibrashi, i-cryoprobes, i-laser optical fibers kunye nezinye izixhobo zonyango.

Isixokelelwano esincedisayo: isixhobo sokufunxa, izixhobo zokunkcenkceshela, indawo yokuhambahamba (efana ne-electromagnetic navigation EBUS).

2. Iimeko zesicelo seklinikhi

1. Indawo yokuxilonga

Uvavanyo lomhlaza wemiphunga: Khangela umhlaza wemiphunga kwangoko kunye ne-biopsy ekhokelayo (TBLB/EBUS-TBNA).

Izifo ezosulelayo: Fumana isikhohlela/i-bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) ukuze ufumanise intsholongwane yentsholongwane.

Uvavanyo lwe-Airway: Ukuxilongwa kwe-stenosis, i-fistula, umzimba wangaphandle, isifo sephepha kunye nezinye izilonda.

2. Indawo yonyango

Ukususwa komzimba wangaphandle: Unyango olungxamisekileyo lwabantwana/abadala abanqwenela ngempazamo imizimba yangaphandle.

Ukubekwa kwestent: Nciphisa i-stenosis yendlela yomoya ebangelwa ngamathumba ayingozi okanye amanxeba.

Unyango lwe-Ablation: I-Laser/cryosurgery/imela yegesi ye-argon ukususa amathumba okanye iigranulomas.

Unyango lwe-Hemostasis: I-Electrocoagulation okanye ukutshiza iziyobisi ukulawula i-hemoptysis enzima.

3. Uhlobo lwezixhobo kunye nokukhetha

Uhlobo lweempawu Iimeko ezifanelekileyo

Ifayibha bronchoscope Umzimba wesipili oguquguqukayo, isiqu esibhityileyo (2.8~4mm) Abantwana, ukuphononongwa kombhobho womoya

I-bronchoscope ye-elektroniki yenkcazo ephezulu, inkxaso ye-NBI / umsebenzi wokukhulisa Uvavanyo lomhlaza kwangethuba, i-biopsy echanekileyo

I-bronchoscope enzima Umjelo omkhulu (6~9mm), inkxaso yotyando oluntsonkothileyo I-massive hemoptysis, ukubekwa kwe-stent, ukukhutshwa kwe-laser

I-Ultrasound bronchoscope (EBUS) Idityaniswe ne-ultrasound scanning, kuvavanya i-lymph nodes ephakathi kwe-Lung cancer staging (N1/N2 lymph node biopsy)

4. Inkqubo yokusebenza (ukuthatha i-bronchoscope yokuxilonga njengomzekelo)

Ukulungiselela kwangaphambili

Isigulane sizila ukutya iiyure ze-6, i-anesthesia yendawo (i-lidocaine spray) okanye i-anesthesia jikelele.

Ukujongwa kwe-ECG (SpO₂, uxinzelelo lwegazi, izinga lentliziyo).

Indlela yokungena

Impumlo (ikhululekile ngakumbi) okanye yomlomo (itshaneli ebanzi).

Amanyathelo ovavanyo

Jonga i-glottis, trachea, carina, i-bronchi ephambili nasekhohlo kunye namasebe angaphantsi.

Emva kokuba isilonda sifunyenwe, i-biopsy, i-brush okanye i-lavage yenziwa.

Unyango lwasemva kokuhlinzwa

Ukubeka iliso kwiingxaki ezifana ne-pneumothorax kunye nokopha, kwaye ungatyi okanye usele iiyure ze-2.

V. Imida yeTekhnoloji kunye neeNdlela zoPhuhliso

I-AI-incediswe

I-AI iphawula izilonda ezikrokrelayo (ezifana ne-carcinoma in situ) ngexesha lokwehliswa kokunciphisa izinga lokuxilongwa okuphosiweyo.

I-Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscope (ENB)

Ukufikelela kumaqhuqhuva emiphunga (<1cm) ngokuchanekileyo njenge "GPS".

I-bronchoscope elahlayo

Kulumkele usulelo olunqamlezayo, olulungele izifo ezosulelayo ezifana nesifo sephepha kunye ne-COVID-19.

I-bronchoscope yerobhothi

Ingalo yerobhothi isebenza ngokuzinzileyo ukuphucula izinga lempumelelo ye-distal biopsy (njengeqonga le-Monarch).

Isishwankathelo

Itekhnoloji yeBronchoscopic iphuhla ngendlela echaneke ngakumbi, ekrelekrele kunye nencinci yokuhlasela, kwaye ixabiso layo eliphambili liku:

✅ Ufunyaniswe kwangoko-Fumana izilonda ezifihlakeleyo zezifo ezinjengomhlaza wemiphunga kunye nesifo sephepha.

✅ Unyango oluchanekileyo - endaweni ye-thoracotomy kwaye unyange izilonda zomoya.

✅ Ukuchacha ngokukhawuleza - iimviwo ezininzi zinokugqitywa njengoko izigulane ezingalaliswanga kwaye imisebenzi inokuphinda iqhutyelwe kwangolo suku lunye.

Kwixesha elizayo, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-imaging ye-molecular kunye neteknoloji ye-robotic, i-bronchoscopy iya kuba yinto ephambili yokuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa kwezifo zokuphefumula.