Medical Bronchoscope makina

Bronchoscope ndi chida chachikulu chodziwira komanso kuchiza matenda amakono a kupuma. Imazindikira njira yothetsera vuto lonse kuchokera ku matenda kupita ku chithandizo chamankhwala kudzera m'njira zosavutikira, zowoneka komanso zaukadaulo. Zotsatirazi ndi mawu oyambira pamiyeso isanu: mfundo zaukadaulo, kugwiritsa ntchito kuchipatala, mtundu wa zida, njira yogwirira ntchito ndi chitukuko.

1. Mfundo zaukadaulo ndi kapangidwe ka zida

Bronchoscopy ndi endoscope yosinthika kapena yolimba yomwe imalowa mu trachea, bronchi ndi ma airways akutali kudzera pakamwa/mphuno. Zigawo zikuluzikulu zikuphatikizapo:

Thupi lagalasi: ultra-fine diameter (2.8 ~ 6mm), mapangidwe opindika, osinthika kuti agwirizane ndi mawonekedwe ovuta a airway.

Makina ojambulira: matanthauzo apamwamba a CMOS/fiber optic transmission, kuthandizira kuwala koyera, NBI (yopapatiza bandi kujambula), fluorescence ndi mitundu ina.

Njira yogwirira ntchito: imatha kuyika ma biopsy forceps, maburashi, ma cryoprobes, ulusi wa laser optical ndi zida zina zothandizira.

Dongosolo lothandizira: chipangizo choyamwa, zida zothirira, malo oyenda (monga electromagnetic navigation EBUS).

2. Zochitika zachipatala zogwiritsira ntchito

1. Diagnostic field

Kuyeza khansa ya m'mapapo: Dziwani khansa yapakatikati ya m'mapapo ndikuwongolera biopsy (TBLB/EBUS-TBNA).

Matenda opatsirana: Pezani sputum/bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) kuti muzindikire tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kuwunika kwa Airway: Kuzindikira kwa stenosis, fistula, thupi lakunja, chifuwa chachikulu ndi zotupa zina.

2. Munda wa chithandizo

Kuchotsa thupi lachilendo: Chithandizo chadzidzidzi kwa ana/akuluakulu omwe mwangozi amalakalaka matupi akunja.

Kuyika m'malo: Kuchepetsa stenosis yobwera chifukwa cha zotupa zowopsa kapena zipsera.

Ablation therapy: Laser/cryosurgery/argon mpweya mpeni kuchotsa zotupa kapena granulomas.

Chithandizo cha Hemostasis: Electrocoagulation kapena kupopera mankhwala kuti muchepetse magazi kwambiri.

3. Mtundu wa zida ndi kusankha

Type Features Ntchito zochitika

Fiber bronchoscope yosinthika galasi thupi, woonda awiri (2.8 ~ 4mm) Ana, zotumphukira airway kufufuza

Electronic bronchoscope Kujambula kwapamwamba kwambiri, kuthandizira ntchito ya NBI/magnification Kuyeza khansa yoyambirira, biopsy yolondola

Bronchoscope yolimba njira yayikulu (6 ~ 9mm), yothandizira opaleshoni yovuta Kutaya magazi kwakukulu, kuyika kwa stent, laser ablation

Ultrasound bronchoscope (EBUS) Kuphatikizidwa ndi ultrasound scanning, fufuzani ma lymph nodes apakati pa khansa ya m'mapapo (N1/N2 lymph node biopsy)

4. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito (kutengera chitsanzo cha bronchoscope)

Kukonzekera koyambirira

Wodwala amasala kudya kwa maola 6, opaleshoni ya m'deralo (kupopera kwa lidocaine) kapena opaleshoni yamba.

Kuwunika kwa ECG (SpO₂, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kugunda kwa mtima).

Njira yolowera

Mphuno (yomasuka kwambiri) kapena pakamwa (njira yotakata).

Njira zoyesera

Yang'anani glottis, trachea, carina, kumanzere ndi kumanja bronchi yaikulu ndi subsegmental nthambi motsatira.

Chotupacho chikapezeka, biopsy, brushing kapena lavage zimachitika.

Chithandizo cha postoperative

Yang'anirani zovuta monga pneumothorax ndi magazi, ndipo musadye kapena kumwa kwa maola awiri.

V. Technology Frontiers ndi Development Trends

Thandizo la AI

AI imayika zotupa zokayikitsa (monga carcinoma in situ) munthawi yeniyeni kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa matenda omwe sanapezeke.

Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscope (ENB)

Fikirani m'mapapo otumphukira (<1cm) molondola ngati "GPS".

Bronchoscope yotayika

Pewani matenda opatsirana, oyenera matenda opatsirana monga chifuwa chachikulu ndi COVID-19.

Robotic bronchoscope

Dzanja la loboti limagwira ntchito mokhazikika kuti lipititse patsogolo chiwopsezo cha distal biopsy (monga nsanja ya Monarch).

Chidule

Tekinoloje ya bronchoscopic ikukula m'njira yolondola, yanzeru komanso yosasokoneza pang'ono, ndipo phindu lake lalikulu lili mu:

✅ Kuzindikira msanga - pezani zotupa zobisika zamatenda monga khansa ya m'mapapo ndi chifuwa chachikulu.

✅ Chithandizo cholondola - m'malo mwa thoracotomy ndikuchiza mwachindunji zotupa zam'mlengalenga.

✅ Kuchira msanga - mayeso ambiri amatha kumaliza chifukwa odwala omwe ali kunja ndipo ntchito zitha kuyambiranso tsiku lomwelo.

M'tsogolomu, ndi kuphatikizika kwa kujambula kwa maselo ndi luso la robotic, bronchoscopy idzakhala nsanja yaikulu yodziwira ndi kuchiza matenda opuma.