Yintoni i-endoscope?

I-endoscope yityhubhu ende, eguquguqukayo enekhamera eyakhelweyo kunye nomthombo wokukhanya osetyenziswa ngabasebenzi bezonyango ukuhlola ingaphakathi lomzimba ngaphandle kwesidingo sotyando oluhlaselayo. I-Endoscopes ivumela oogqirha ukuba babone ngaphakathi kwindlela yokugaya, inkqubo yokuphefumla, kunye namanye amalungu angaphakathi ngexesha lokwenyani. Esi sixhobo soguqulo sibalulekile kuxilongo lwangoku kunye neenkqubo ezingeyongozi encinci. Nokuba zifakwe emlonyeni, kwi-rectum, impumlo, okanye utyando oluncinci, ii-endoscopes zibonelela ngembonakalo ecacileyo yeendawo ezinokuthi zifune utyando oluvulekileyo ukuze luphonononge.

I-Endoscopy-inkqubo eyenziwa kusetyenziswa i-endoscope-isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuchonga imbangela yeempawu ezifana nentlungu engapheliyo, ukuphuma kwegazi emathunjini, ubunzima bokugwinya, okanye ukukhula okungaqhelekanga. Ubume bayo obungathinteliyo bunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokubuyisela isigulane, umngcipheko wosulelo, kunye neengxaki zotyando.

Kutheni i-Endoscopes ibalulekile kuNyango lwangoku

Uphuhliso kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwe-endoscope kuguqule ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango lwangoku. Ukusuka ekuchongeni umhlaza wenqanaba lokuqala ukuya kunyango lokopha kwesisu kwangoko, ii-endoscopes zibonelela ngofikelelo olungenakuthelekiswa nanto emzimbeni womntu ngokungonwabi kancinci kunye nexesha lokuphumla.

I-Endoscopy idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuxilongweni kwangaphambili, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekunyangeni izifo ezifana nomhlaza, izilonda, kunye neemeko ezivuthayo ngaphambi kokuba zibe nzima. Ukukwazi ukwenza i-biopsies okanye ukungenelela ngexesha lenkqubo efanayo yongeza ixabiso elikhulu kuzo zombini izigulane kunye noogqirha.

Ngaphezu koko, izinto ezintsha ezifana ne-capsule endoscopy, ukucinga ngebhendi emxinwa, kunye ne-endoscopy encediswa yirobhothi iyaqhubeka nokuphucula ukuchaneka, ukufikelela, kunye nokhuseleko lobu buchwepheshe buyimfuneko.

Yintoni enoVavanyo lwe-Endoscope?

I-endoscope yanamhlanje yenza oogqirha bakwazi ukujonga izinto ezahlukeneyo zangaphakathi emzimbeni womntu besebenzisa ii-endoscopes eziyilwe ngokukodwa. Ezi zixhobo ziyahluka ngobukhulu, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokusebenza ngokuxhomekeke kumalungu okanye inkqubo ehlolwayo. Namhlanje, zininzi iintlobo zeenkqubo ze-endoscopic ezilungiselelwe imimandla ethile yomzimba, iyenza ilitye lembombo kunyango lokuxilonga kunye nonyango.

Apha ngezantsi kuluhlu oluneenkcukacha lwezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zeemviwo ze-endoscopic kwaye zeziphi iindawo ezisetyenziselwa ukuzivavanya:

I-Endoscope yeGastrointestinal ePhezulu (EGD)

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), le nkqubo ivumela oogqirha ukuba bahlole umgudu wokugaya ukutya ongasentla, kubandakanywa ummizo, isisu, kunye nenxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancinci (duodenum). Ingasetyenziselwa zombini ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango.

Kwenziwa ntoni?
Oogqirha banokucebisa i-EGD kwimiba efana nale:

• Isitshisa esingapheliyo okanye i-asidi reflux

• Ubunzima bokuginya

• Isicaphucaphu esingapheliyo okanye ukugabha

• Ukwehla kobunzima obungachazwanga

• Ukopha emathunjini

• Izilonda ezirhanelwayo okanye amathumba

Yintoni enokwenziwa ngexesha lenkqubo?

• Iqoqo le-Biopsy

• Ukususwa kwe-polyp okanye into yangaphandle

• Ukulawula ukopha usebenzisa iiklip okanye i-cauterization

• Ukwandiswa kweendawo ezicutheneyo (ukwandiswa)

Yintoni onokuyilindela:
Izigulana zidla ngokufumana i-sedative ukunciphisa ukungonwabi. Isibulali-zizolisi sendawo singatshizwa emqaleni ukunciphisa i-gag reflex. I-endoscope ifakwa ngobunono ngomlomo kwaye ikhokelwe ezantsi esiswini kunye ne-duodenum. Ikhamera idlulisela imifanekiso enesisombululo esiphezulu kwimonitha ukuze ugqirha ayiphonononge.

Inkqubo idla ngokuthatha imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-30, ilandelwe lixesha elifutshane lokujonga de kuphele ukuthomalalisa.

Ikholonoscopy

Le nkqubo isebenzisa i-endoscope eguquguqukayo efakwe kwi-rectum ukujonga yonke ikholoni (amathumbu amakhulu) kunye ne-rectum. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuhlolwa komhlaza wekoloni kunye nokuvavanya iimpawu ezisezantsi zokugaya.

Kwenziwa ntoni?

• Ukuhlolwa komhlaza we-colorectal (ingakumbi kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50)

• Igazi kwisitulo, urhudo olungapheliyo, okanye ukuqhina

• I-anemia engachazwanga okanye ukunciphisa umzimba

• Iipolyps zekholoni ezirhanelwayo okanye isifo sokukrala kwamathumbu

Yintoni enokwenziwa ngexesha lenkqubo?

• Ukususwa kweepolyps zekholoni

• Iibiopsies zezicubu

• Unyango lwezilonda ezincinci okanye ukopha

Yintoni onokuyilindela:
Emva kokulungiswa kwamathumbu ngosuku olungaphambili, izigulane zifumana i-sedation yenkqubo. I-colonoscope ifakwe kwi-rectum, kwaye ugqirha uhlola ubude obupheleleyo bekholoni. Naziphi na iipolyps ezifunyenweyo zinokususwa kwalapho. Uviwo ludla ngokuthatha imizuzu engama-30–60. Ngenxa ye-sedation, izigulane kufuneka zilungiselele ukukhwela ekhaya emva koko.

Ibronchoscopy

Ibronchoscopyivumela oogqirha ukuba bajonge ngaphakathi kwi-trachea kunye ne-bronchi, okwenza kube luncedo ekuxilongeni imiphunga okanye imiba yomoya.

Kwenziwa ntoni?

• Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo okanye ukukhohlela igazi

• Isifuba seX-reyi esingaqhelekanga okanye iziphumo ze-CT scan (umzekelo, amaqhuqhuva, inyumoniya engachazwanga)

• Amathumba akrokrelekayo okanye ukuphefumla umzimba wangaphandle

• Isampula yezicubu okanye ulwelo losulelo okanye uvavanyo lomhlaza

Yintoni enokwenziwa ngexesha lenkqubo?

• Ukuqokelelwa kweesampuli zethishu okanye i-mucus

• Ukususwa kwemizimba yangaphandle

• Ukulawula ukopha

• Bronchoalveolar lavage (ukuhlamba imiphunga)

Yintoni onokuyilindela:
I-anesthesia yendawo isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo nge-inhalation; ezinye izigulana nazo zifumana ukuthomalalisa. I-bronchoscope ifakwe ngempumlo okanye emlonyeni kwaye ikhokelwa kwiindlela zomoya. Inkqubo idla ngokuthatha imizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwengama-40. Okunye ukucaphuka komqala okanye ukukhohlela kungenzeka emva koko.

Cystoscopy

Cystoscopykubandakanya ukufakwa komda obhityileyo ngombhobho womchamo ukuhlola isinyi kunye nomgudu womchamo, ngokukodwa ukufumanisa iimeko ze-urological.

Kwenziwa ntoni?

• Igazi kumchamo (hematuria)

• Ukuchama rhoqo okanye ngokukhawuleza, ubunzima bokuchama

• Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba

• Amathumba esinyini arhanelwayo okanye amatye

• Ukuqina kwe-Urethral okanye izinto zangaphandle

Yintoni enokwenziwa ngexesha lenkqubo?

• Ii-Biopsies

• Ukususwa kwamathumba amancinci okanye amatye

• Uvavanyo lwesakhiwo sesinyi kunye namandla

• Ukufakwa kwee-catheters okanye i-stents

Yintoni onokuyilindela:
Yenziwe phantsi kwe-anesthesia yendawo okanye i-sedation epholileyo, ububanzi bufakwe kwi-urethra. Izigulane zamadoda zinokuziva zingonwabanga ngakumbi ngenxa ye-urethra ende. Uviwo ludla ngokuthatha imizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-30, ngokutshisa kancinci okanye ukuchama rhoqo emva koko kuqhelekile.

I-Laparoscopy

I-Laparoscopy yinkqubo encinci ye-invasive apho i-endoscope ifakwe kwisisu ngokusebenzisa amanxeba amancinci kudonga lwesisu. Bubuchule obuqhelekileyo botyando lwangoku.

Kwenziwa ntoni?

• Ukuxilongwa kwentlungu yesisu okanye i-pelvic engachazwanga, okanye ukungazali

• Unyango lwe-ovarian cysts, fibroids, okanye ukukhulelwa kwe-ectopic

• I-Gallbladder, i-appendix, okanye utyando lwe-hernia

• I-Biopsy okanye ukuvavanywa kwezicubu zesisu

Yintoni enokwenziwa ngexesha lenkqubo?

• Ukususwa kwe-biopsy okanye i-tumor

• Ukususwa kwe-gallbladder okanye i-appendix

• Ukukhutshwa kokuncamathela

• Unyango lwe-Endometriosis

Yintoni onokuyilindela:
Ukwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia jikelele, enye ukuya kwezintathu ezincinci zenziwa kwisisu sokufaka i-laparoscope kunye nezixhobo zotyando. I-CO₂ gas isetyenziselwa ukufunxa i-cavity yesisu ukuze ibonakale ngcono. Ukuchacha ngokuqhelekileyo kukhawuleza, kunye nokuhlala ixesha elifutshane esibhedlele.

Nasopharyngoscopy / I-Laryngoscopy

Le nkqubo isebenzisa indawo ecekethekileyo, eguquguqukayo okanye eqinileyo efakwe ngempumlo okanye emlonyeni ukujonga umngxuma weempumlo, umqala, kunye nelarynx.

Kwenziwa ntoni?

• Ukurhawuzelela, umqala obuhlungu, okanye ingxaki yokuginya

• Ukuxinana kweempumlo, ukukhupha, okanye ukopha

• Amathumba arhanelwayo, iipolyps, okanye ukuphazamiseka kwentambo yezwi

Yintoni enokwenziwa ngexesha lenkqubo?

• Vavanya ukusebenza kwentambo yezwi

• Hlola i-nasopharynx kunye ne-Eustachian tube opens

• I-Biopsy yeendawo ezikrokrelayo

Yintoni onokuyilindela:
Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa kwisimo seklinikhi kunye ne-anesthesia yendawo, akukho mfuneko ye-sedation. Ububanzi bufakwe ngeempumlo, kwaye uviwo lugqitywe ngemizuzu embalwa. Ukungakhululeki okuncinci kuqhelekileyo, kodwa ixesha lokubuyisela alifunwa.

I-Hysteroscopy

I-Hysteroscopykubandakanya ukufaka umda obhityileyo kwilungu lobufazi ukuya esibelekweni ukujonga ngqo umngxuma wesibeleko.

Kwenziwa ntoni?

• Ukopha okungaqhelekanga kwesibeleko

• Uvavanyo lobudlolo

• Iipolyps ze-endometrial ezirhanelwayo okanye i-submucosal fibroids

• Ukunamathela kwesibeleko

Yintoni enokwenziwa ngexesha lenkqubo?

• I-Biopsy

• Ukususwa kwe-polyp okanye i-fibroids

• Ukwahlula ukunamathela

• Ukubekwa kwe-IUD

Yintoni onokuyilindela:
Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia yendawo okanye i-mild sedation kwindawo yokugula ngaphandle. Ububanzi bufakwe kwilungu lobufazi, kwaye i-fluid isetyenziselwa ukwandisa i-uterine cavity ukujonga ngokucacileyo. Uviwo ngokubanzi luthatha ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-30.

I-arthroscopy

I-arthroscopy yinkqubo encinci esetyenziselwa ukuxilonga kunye nokunyanga iingxaki ezidibeneyo, ngokuqhelekileyo emadolweni okanye ehlombe.

Kwenziwa ntoni?

• Intlungu edibeneyo okanye ukuhamba okulinganiselweyo

• Ukrokrela i-meniscus okanye ukulimala kwe-ligament

• Ukudumba kwamalungu, usulelo, okanye ukudumba

• Imiba edibeneyo engapheliyo engachazwanga

Yintoni enokwenziwa ngexesha lenkqubo?

• Ukususwa kwamaqhekeza akhululekile

• Ukulungiswa okanye ukuthungwa kwee-ligaments okanye i-cartilage

• Ukususwa kwezicubu ezivuthayo okanye izinto zangaphandle

Yintoni onokuyilindela:
Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia, izithintelo ezincinci zenziwa malunga nokudibanisa ukufaka ububanzi kunye nezixhobo. Ukuchacha ngokuqhelekileyo kukhawuleza, okwenza oku kukulungele ukwenzakala kwezemidlalo okanye ukulungiswa kwamalungu amancinci.

Itheyibhile yesiShwankathelo yeeNdidi ze-Endoscopy kunye neeNgingqi zabo eziVavanyiweyo

I-Endoscopy sisixhobo esixabisekileyo sokuxilonga kunye nesonyango esisetyenziswa kwiingcali ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Itheyibhile engezantsi inika umboniso okhawulezayo weentlobo ze-endoscopy eziqhelekileyo kunye neendawo ezithile zomzimba ezisetyenziselwa ukuhlola. Esi sishwankathelo sinceda ukucacisa ukuba yeyiphi na inkqubo efanelekileyo yokuvavanya iimpawu okanye iimeko ezithile.

Indawo yezonyango yanamhlanje ibonelela ngothotho lweenkqubo ze-endoscopic eziyilelwe ukuxilonga kunye nokunyanga imimandla ethile yomzimba ngokuhlaselwa okuncinci. Ukusuka kwi-bronchoscopy ukuya kwi-colonoscopy, i-hysteroscopy, nangaphezulu, i-endoscope sisixhobo esiguquguqukayo esiqhubeka nokuguqula ukhathalelo lwesigulane ngokufumanisa kwangaphambili, unyango olujoliswe kuyo, kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokubuyisela.

Ke, yintoni i-endoscope? Ingaphezulu nje kwekhamera ekwityhubhu—sisixhobo esisindisa ubomi esivumela oogqirha ukuba babone, baxilonge, baze banyange iimeko zangaphakathi ngaphandle kokwenzakala ngenxa yotyando oluvulekileyo. Nokuba wenza i-endoscopy ephezulu, ukufunda ukuba yeyiphi inkqubo ye-endoscopy, okanye ngokulandela ngenyameko i-endoscopy prep yakho, ukuqonda umsebenzi kunye nokubaluleka kwe-endoscope kunokukunceda wenze izigqibo zokhathalelo lwezempilo.