Isikhokelo esipheleleyo sezixhobo ze-Endoscopic: Iintlobo kunye nokuSebenzisa | XBX

Izixhobo ze-Endoscopic zizixhobo zonyango ezichanekileyo ezenzelwe ukusebenza ngeendlela ezimxinwa ze-endoscope, ezivumela oogqirha ukuba benze iinkqubo zokuxilonga kunye zonyango nzulu ngaphakathi komzimba womntu ngaphandle kotyando olukhulu. Ezi zixhobo zisebenza njengezandla zogqirha wotyando, zivumela iintshukumo ezincinci ezinjengokuthatha iisampulu zethishu (i-biopsies), ukususa ii-polyps, ukumisa ukopha, kunye nokubuyisela izinto zangaphandle, zonke zikhokelwa yividiyo yexesha lokwenyani.

Indima esisiseko yezixhobo ze-Endoscopic kuNyango lwanamhlanje

Ukufika kwezixhobo ze-endoscopic kubonisa enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokutshintsha kwi-paradigm kwimbali yotyando kunye neyeza zangaphakathi. Ngaphambi kophuhliso lwabo, ukuxilonga kunye nokunyanga iimeko ngaphakathi kwephecana lesisu, i-airways, okanye amalunga afuna utyando oluvulekileyo oluyingozi kakhulu. Iinkqubo ezinjalo zinxulunyaniswa nokwenzakala okukhulu kwesigulane, amaxesha okubuyisela ixesha elide, ukukrala okukhulu, kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu weengxaki. Izixhobo ze-Endoscopic zitshintshe yonke into ngokungenisa ixesha lotyando olungephi (minimal invasive surgery) (MIS).

Umgaqo ongundoqo ulula kodwa uguquguqukayo: endaweni yokudala ukuvula okukhulu ukufikelela kwi-organ, ityhubhu encinci, eguquguqukayo okanye eqinile exhotywe ngokukhanya kunye nekhamera (i-endoscope) ifakwe kwi-orifice yendalo (njengomlomo okanye i-anus) okanye i-keyhole encinci. Izixhobo ze-endoscopic, eziyilwe ngobukrelekrele obumangalisayo ukuba zibe zinde, zibe zincinci, kwaye zisebenze kakhulu, emva koko zigqithiswe kwiitshaneli zokusebenza ezizinikeleyo ngaphakathi kwe-endoscope. Oku kuvumela ugqirha kwigumbi lokulawula ukuba asebenzise izixhobo ngokuchanekileyo ngendlela engakholelekiyo ngelixa ejonga umbono ophakamileyo, onenkcazo ephezulu kwimonitha. Impembelelo ibe nzulu, iguqule ukhathalelo lwesigulane ngokunciphisa intlungu, ukunciphisa ukuhlala esibhedlele, ukunciphisa amazinga okusuleleka, kunye nokuvumela ukubuyela ngokukhawuleza kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo. Ezi zixhobo azizozixhobo nje; ziyimijelo yeyeza elithambileyo, elichane ngakumbi, nelisebenza ngakumbi.

Iindidi eziphambili zezixhobo ze-Endoscopic

Yonke inkqubo ye-endoscopic, ukusuka kuvavanyo lwesiqhelo ukuya kungenelelo lonyango oluyinkimbinkimbi, luxhomekeke kwiseti ethile yezixhobo. Ukuqonda ukuhlelwa kwabo ngundoqo ekuxabiseni indima yabo kwigumbi lotyando. Zonke izixhobo ze-endoscopic zinokucwangciswa ngokusebenzayo kwiindidi ezintathu eziphambili: ukuxilongwa, unyango, kunye ne-accessory. Uluhlu ngalunye luqulethe uluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezenzelwe imisebenzi ethile.

I-Diagnostic Endo-Tools: Isiseko soVavanyo oluchanekileyo

Iinkqubo zokuxilonga zisisiseko sonyango lwangaphakathi, kwaye izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo zenzelwe injongo enye ephambili: ukuqokelela ulwazi kunye nezicubu zokuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo. Zingamehlo kunye neendlebe ze-gastroenterologist, i-pulmonologist, okanye ugqirha otyandwayo, okuvumela ukuba baqinisekise okanye bakhuphe izifo ngeqondo eliphezulu lokuqiniseka.

I-Biopsy Forceps: Izixhobo zeSampulu zeTissue ezibalulekileyo

I-Biopsy forceps ngokungathandabuzekiyo sesona sixhobo sisetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-endoscopic. Umsebenzi wabo kukufumana iisampulu zezicubu ezincinci (i-biopsies) kwi-mucosal lining yamalungu ukwenzela uhlalutyo lwe-histopathological. Olu hlalutyo lunokubonakalisa ubukho bomhlaza, ukuvuvukala, ukusuleleka (njenge-H. pylori esiswini), okanye utshintsho lwamaselula olubonisa imeko ethile.

• Iintlobo kunye nokwahluka:

• I-Cold Biopsy Forceps: Ezi zinyanzeliso eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukusampula izicubu ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kombane. Zilungele i-biopsies yesiqhelo apho ingozi yokopha iphantsi.

• I-Hot Biopsy Forceps: Ezi forceps ziqhagamshelwe kwiyunithi ye-electrosurgical. Benza i-cauterize izicubu njengoko isampuli ithathwa, esebenza kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukopha, ngakumbi xa kusenziwa izilonda zemithambo yegazi okanye kususwa iipolyps ezincinci.

• Uqwalaselo loMhlathi: "Imihlathi" yeforceps iza kuyilo olwahlukeneyo. I-Fenestrated (ngomngxuma) imihlathi inokunceda ukukhusela i-tissue grip engcono, ngelixa i-non-fenestrated emihlathi isemgangathweni. I-forceps ene-spiked ine-pin encinci embindini womhlathi omnye ukumisa isixhobo kwi-tissue, ukuthintela ukutyibilika kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba kuthathwe isampuli ephezulu.

• Isicelo seklinikhi: Ngexesha le-colonoscopy, ugqirha unokubona isilonda esicaba esikrokrisayo. I-forceps ye-biopsy idlula kwi-endoscope, ivuliwe, ibekwe phezu kwesilonda, kwaye ivalwe ukuhluza iqhekeza elincinci lethishu. Le sampuli ithathwa ngononophelo kwaye ithunyelwe kwi-pathology. Iziphumo ziya kugqiba ukuba ngaba i-benign, i-pre-cancer, okanye i-malignant, ikhokela ngokuthe ngqo isicwangciso sonyango lwesigulane.
  
  

Iibhrashi zeCytology: Izixhobo zokuSampula zeSellula ezichanekileyo

Ngelixa i-biopsy forceps ithatha isiqwenga esiqinileyo sethishu, iibhrashi ze-cytology zenzelwe ukuqokelela iiseli ezizimeleyo ukusuka kumphezulu wesilonda okanye umgca wombhobho. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwiindawo apho i-biopsy yendabuko inzima okanye inobungozi ukuyenza, njengemibhobho yenyongo emxinwa.

• Uyilo kunye nokuSetyenziswa: Ibhrashi ye-cytology iqukethe i-sheath equkethe ibrashi encinci, ene-bristle kwincam yayo. Isixhobo esigqunyiweyo siqhubela phambili kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo. I-sheath iye ihoxiswe, iveze ibrashi, ethi emva koko ihanjiswe ngapha nangapha phezu kwethishu ukuze ikhuhle ngobunono iiseli. Ibrashi ibuyiselwa emva kwi-sheath phambi kokuba isixhobo sisuswe sonke kwi-endoscope ukunqanda ukulahleka kweeseli. Iiseli eziqokelelweyo ziye ziqatywe kwisilayidi seglasi kwaye zihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope.

• Isicelo seklinikhi: Kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), ibhrashi ye-cytology ibalulekile xa kuphandwa ngokungqongqo (ukuncipha) kumbhobho wenyongo. Ngokuqokelela iiseli ngaphakathi kwe-stricture, i-cytopathologist inokukhangela izifo ezinje nge-cholangocarcinoma, uhlobo lomhlaza owaziwa ngokuba nzima ukuwuxilonga.

Izixhobo zoNyango lwe-Endoscopic: Izixhobo zokungenelela okuSebenzayo

Emva kokuba uxilongo lwenziwe, okanye kwiimeko ezifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo, izixhobo zonyango zingena. Ezi zizixhobo "zesenzo" ezivumela oogqirha ukuba baphathe izifo, basuse ukukhula okungaqhelekanga, kwaye balawule iimeko ezingxamisekileyo zonyango ezifana nokopha kwangaphakathi, kuyo yonke i-endoscope.

Imigibe yePolypectomy: Izixhobo ezibalulekileyo zoThintelo lweCancer

I-polypectomy snare yintambo yocingo eyenzelwe ukususa iipolyps, ezikukukhula okungaqhelekanga kwezicubu. Kuba uninzi lomhlaza we-colorectal lukhula ukusuka kwi-polyps enobungozi ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukususwa koku kukhula ngomgibe yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokuthintela umhlaza ezikhoyo namhlanje.

• Iintlobo kunye nokwahluka:

• Ubungakanani beLoop kunye neMilo: Imigibe iza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zobungakanani belophu (ukusuka kwiimilimitha ezimbalwa ukuya kwiisentimitha ezininzi) ukuze itshatise ubungakanani bepolyp. Ubume belophu bunokwahluka (i-oval, i-hexagonal, i-crescentic) ukubonelela ngeyona nto ithengwayo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-polyps (umzekelo, i-flat vs. pedunculated).

• Ukutyeba kocingo: Igeyiji yocingo inokwahluka. Iingcingo ezibhityileyo zibonelela ngokuxinana ngakumbi, ukusika okucocekileyo, ngelixa iingcingo ezityebileyo zomelele ngakumbi kwiipolyps ezinkulu, ezixineneyo.

• Ubuchwephesha beNkqubo: Umgibe udlula kwi-endoscope kwindawo evaliweyo. Emva koko iyavulwa kwaye iqhutywe ngononophelo ukuze ijikeleze isiseko se-polyp. Xa sele imile, iluphu iqiniswa kancinane, ikrwitshe isikhondo sepolyp. Umsinga wombane (i-cautery) usetyenziswa ngocingo lomgibe, oluthi ngaxeshanye lunqumle i-polyp kwaye lutywine imithambo yegazi kwisiseko ukunqanda ukopha. I-polyp enqunyulwe emva koko ifunyenwe ukuze ihlalutywe.

I-Hemostatic kunye ne-Hemoclipping Devices: Izixhobo eziNgxamisekileyo zokuLawula ukopha

Ukulawula ukopha okubukhali kwesisu sisicelo esibalulekileyo, esisindisa ubomi se-endoscopy. Izixhobo zonyango ezikhethekileyo zenzelwe ukuphumeza i-hemostasis (ukuyeka ukopha).

• Iinaliti zokutofa: Ezi iinaliti ezibuyiselwayo ezisetyenziselwa ukutofa izisombululo ngqo okanye zijikeleze indawo yokopha. Isisombululo esixhaphakileyo yi-epinephrine ehlanjululweyo, ebangela ukuba imithwalo yegazi ixinzelele, inciphisa kakhulu ukuhamba kwegazi. I-saline inokutofwa ukuphakamisa isilonda, ukwenza kube lula ukunyanga.

• IiHemoclips: Ezi zikliphu ezincinci, zentsimbi ezisebenza njengezinto ezisisiseko zotyando. Ikliphu igcinwe kwi-catheter yokuthunyelwa. Xa isitya esophayo ichongiwe, imihlathi yekliphu ivuliwe, ibekwe ngokuthe ngqo phezu kwesitya, kwaye ivalwe kwaye ifakwe. Ikliphu ibamba inqanawa ngokwasemzimbeni ivale, ibonelela ngehemostasis ekhawulezileyo nesebenzayo yoomatshini. Zibalulekile ekunyangeni izilonda ezophayo, ukopha kwe-diverticular, kunye nokopha kwe-post-polypectomy.

• I-Band Ligators: Ezi zixhobo zisetyenziselwa ngokukodwa ukunyanga i-varices ye-esophageal (i-veins evuvukileyo kwi-esophagus, eqhelekileyo kwizigulane ezinezifo zesibindi). Ibhanti encinci yeelastiki ilayishwa kwangaphambili kwi-cap kwincam ye-endoscope. I-varix ifakwe kwi-cap, kwaye i-band isetyenzisiwe, ngokufanelekileyo idibanisa i-varix kwaye imise ukuhamba kwegazi.

I-Grasping Forceps, i-Retrieval Nets, kunye ne-Baskets: uMzimba wangaphandle kunye neZixhobo zokuSuswa kweTissue

Ezi zixhobo ziyimfuneko ekususeni ngokukhuselekileyo izinto kwiphecana le-GI. Oku kunokubandakanya imizimba yangaphandle eginywe ngengozi okanye ngabom, kunye nezicubu ezikhutshiweyo njengeepolyps ezinkulu okanye amathumba.

• IGraspers kunye neForceps: Ifumaneka kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zemihlathi (umzekelo, ingwenya, izinyo lempuku) ukunika indlela ekhuselekileyo yokubamba kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwizikhonkwane ezibukhali ukuya kwiibholusi zokutya ezithambileyo.

• Iminatha kunye neeBhaskithi: Inethi yokubuyisa into encinci, efana nengxowa enokuvulwa ukuze ibambe into kwaye emva koko ivalwe ngokukhuselekileyo ukurhoxiswa ngokukhuselekileyo. Ingobozi yocingo (njengebhaskithi yeDormia) isoloko isetyenziswa kwi-ERCP ukurhangqa nokususa amatye enyongo kumbhobho wenyongo.

I-Accessory Endoscopic Equipment: AMagorha aNgadungwanga eNkqubo

Izixhobo ezincedisayo zezo zixhasa inkqubo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inokwenziwa ngokukhuselekileyo, ngokufanelekileyo, nangempumelelo. Ngelixa bengenakuxilonga ngokuthe ngqo okanye banyange, inkqubo ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kwabo.

• IiCatheters zokunkcenkceshela / zokutshiza: Umbono ocacileyo ubaluleke kakhulu kwi-endoscopy. Ezi catheter zisetyenziselwa ukutshiza iijethi zamanzi ukuhlamba igazi, isitulo, okanye enye inkunkuma enokuthi ifihle umbono wogqirha we-mucosal lining.

• Iingcingo ezikhokelayo: Kwiinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo ezifana ne-ERCP, i-guidewire yinto ebalulekileyo yokufumana indlela. Olu cingo lubhityileyo, olubhetyebhetye ludlulele phambili kwi-stricture enzima okanye kumbhobho ofunwayo. Izixhobo zonyango (njenge-stent okanye ibhaluni yokuhlanjululwa) zinokugqithiswa kwi-guidewire, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zifikelela kwindawo echanekileyo.

• I-Sphincterotomes kunye ne-Papillotomes: Isetyenziswe kuphela kwi-ERCP, i-sphincterotome sisixhobo esinocingo oluncinci lokusika kwi-tip yayo. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-incision echanekileyo kwi-sphincter ye-Oddi (i-valve ye-muscular elawula ukuhamba kwe-bile kunye ne-pancreatic juice), inkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-sphincterotomy. Oku kwandisa ukuvuleka, ukuvumela ukukhutshwa kwamatye okanye ukubekwa kwee-stents.

Ukuthelekisa izixhobo ze-Endoscopic kwiiNkqubo eziKhethekileyo

Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo ze-endoscopic akukho mthetho; yinkqubo ethe ngqo kakhulu elawulwa yinkqubo eyenziwayo, i-anatomy yesigulana, kunye neenjongo zonyango. I-endoscopy elungiselelwe kakuhle iya kuba noluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zokujongana nayo nayiphi na imeko enokuthi ivele. Itheyibhile engezantsi ichaza izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezininzi eziphambili ze-endoscopic.

Ukusetyenzwa kwakhona kunye noLondolozo lwezixhobo ze-Endoscopic

Ukusetyenziswa okukhuselekileyo kunye nokusebenzayo kwezixhobo ze-endoscopic kudlulela ngaphaya kwenkqubo ngokwayo. Ngenxa yokuba ezi zixhobo zidibana nemingxuma yomzimba oyinyumba kunye nengekho inzala kwaye ziphinda zisetyenziswe kwizigulane ezininzi, inkqubo yokucoca kunye nokuvala inzala (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-reprocessing) ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukungonelanga ukucutshungulwa kwakhona kunokukhokelela ekosulelekeni kosulelo olukhulu phakathi kwezigulane.

Umjikelo wokuphinda uhlaziywe yiprotocol ecokisekileyo, enamanyathelo amaninzi ekufuneka ilandelwe ngaphandle kokutenxa:

• Ukucoca kwangaphambili: Oku kuqala ngokukhawuleza kwindawo yokusetyenziswa. Umphandle wesixhobo uyacinywa, kwaye iziteshi zangaphakathi zihlanjululwa ngesisombululo sokucoca ukukhusela i-bio-burden (igazi, izicubu, njl.) ekomisweni nasekuqineni.

• Uvavanyo lokuvuza: Phambi kokuntywiliselwa kulwelo, ii-endoscopes eziguquguqukayo zivavanyelwa ukuvuza ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezingaphakathi azonakaliswa.

• Ukucoca ngesandla: Eli lelona nyathelo libaluleke kakhulu. Isixhobo sintywiliselwa ngokupheleleyo kwisisombululo esikhethekileyo se-enzymatic detergent. Yonke imiphezulu yangaphandle ihlanjululwe, kwaye iibrashi zobukhulu obufanelekileyo zigqithiswa kuzo zonke iziteshi zangaphakathi amaxesha amaninzi ukususa ngokwasemzimbeni yonke inkunkuma.

• Ukuhlanjululwa: Isixhobo sihlanjululwe kakuhle ngamanzi acocekileyo ukuze kususwe yonke imikhondo ye-detergent.

• I-High-Level Disinfection (HLD) okanye Ukubulala iintsholongwane: Isixhobo esicociweyo sinokuthi sintywiliselwe kwikhemikhali ekwinqanaba eliphezulu lokubulala iintsholongwane (njenge-glutaraldehyde okanye i-peracetic acid) ixesha elithile kunye nobushushu okanye inzala kusetyenziswa iindlela ezifana ne-ethylene oxide (EtO) igesi okanye i-hydrogen peroxide gas plasma. I-HLD ibulala zonke ii-microorganisms zezityalo, i-mycobacteria, kunye neentsholongwane kodwa hayi inani eliphezulu leentsholongwane zebhaktiriya. Ukuvala inzala yinkqubo egqibeleleyo etshabalalisa zonke iintlobo zobomi bentsholongwane.

• Ukuhlanjululwa kokugqibela: Izixhobo zihlanjululwa kwakhona, rhoqo ngamanzi angcolileyo, ukususa zonke iintsalela zeekhemikhali.

• Ukomisa kunye nokugcinwa: Isixhobo kufuneka somiswe ngokucokisekileyo ngaphakathi nangaphandle, ngokuqhelekileyo ngomoya ocoliweyo, njengoko ukufuma kunokukhuthaza ukukhula kwebhaktheriya. Emva koko igcinwa kwikhabhathi ecocekileyo, eyomileyo ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kwakhona.
  
  

Ukunyuka kokusetyenziswa okukodwa (okuLahlwayo) kwezixhobo zeNkqubo

Ukuntsonkotha kunye nobume obubalulekileyo bokulungiswa kwakhona bukhokelele kwindlela enkulu yoshishino: uphuhliso kunye nokwamkelwa kokusetyenziswa okukodwa, okanye ukulahlwa, izixhobo ze-endoscopic. Ezi zixhobo, ezifana ne-biopsy forceps, imigibe, kunye neebrashi zokucoca, zibonelelwa ngephakheji engenazintsholongwane, ezisetyenziselwa isigulane esinye, kwaye zilahlwe ngokukhuselekileyo.

Iinzuzo ziyanyanzelisa:

• Ukupheliswa koMngcipheko wokuNxibelelana: Eyona nzuzo inkulu kukususwa ngokupheleleyo kwawo nawuphi na umngcipheko wokudlulisela usulelo phakathi kwezigulane ngesixhobo.

• Ukusebenza okuQinisekisiweyo: Isixhobo esitsha sisetyenziswa ngalo lonke ixesha, siqinisekisa ukuba sibukhali ngokugqibeleleyo, sisebenza ngokupheleleyo, kwaye asinxitywanga, nto leyo enokuthi ngamanye amaxesha ibeke esichengeni ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezihlaziyiweyo.

• Ukucikideka kokuSebenza: Kuphelisa umjikelo otya ixesha kunye nomsebenzi onzima wokulungisa kwakhona, uvumela amaxesha okutshintsha inkqubo ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhulula abasebenzi bobuchwephesha ukwenza eminye imisebenzi.

• Ukusebenza Ngeendleko: Ngoxa kukho iindleko zento nganye, xa iindleko zomsebenzi, ukucoca imichiza, ukulungiswa kwezixhobo ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, kunye neendleko ezinokubakho zokunyanga isifo esifumaneka esibhedlele, izixhobo ezilahlwayo ngokufuthi zingabizi kakhulu.

Intsimi yetekhnoloji ye-endoscopic ikwimo eqhubekayo yokuqamba izinto ezintsha. Ikamva lithembisa izakhono ezibalaseleyo, eziqhutywa yinkqubela phambili yerobhothi, imifanekiso, kunye nesayensi yezinto. Siqala ukubona ukudityaniswa kweeplatifomu zerobhothi ezinokubonelela ngozinzo olungaphezu komntu kunye nobuqili kwizixhobo ze-endoscopic. I-Artificial Intelligence (AI) iphuhliswa ukunceda ekuchongeni izilonda ezikrokrelayo ngexesha lenkqubo ngexesha langempela. Ngaphaya koko, izixhobo ziya ziba ncinci, zibe bhetyebhetye ngakumbi, kwaye zikwazi ngakumbi, zivumela iinkqubo kwiindawo ebezikade zingafikeleleki emzimbeni.

Ukuqukumbela, izixhobo ze-endoscopic zintliziyo yeyeza elincinci. Ukusuka kwi-forceps ethobekileyo ye-biopsy ebonelela ngoxilongo oluchanekileyo lomhlaza ukuya kwi-hemoclip ephezulu eyeka ukopha okubeka ubomi esichengeni, ezi zixhobo ziyimfuneko. Ukhetho lwabo olufanelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokuphatha kubalulekile ekufezekiseni iziphumo ezilungileyo zesigulane. Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubeka nokuvela, ezi zixhobo ziya kuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kweyeza.

Kumaziko okhathalelo lwempilo kunye nabasebenzi abajonge ukufumana izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezithembekileyo, kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili be-endoscopic, ukuphonononga ikhathalogu yekhathalogu yazo zombini ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona kunye nosetyenziso olunye linyathelo lokuqala ekuphuculeni ukhathalelo lwesigulane kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

FAQ

1. Ziziphi izixhobo ze-Endoscopic?

   Izixhobo ze-Endoscopic ziyinjineli ezichanekileyo, izixhobo zonyango ezikhethekileyo ezidlula kumjelo omxinwa we-endoscope ukwenza iinkqubo ezincinci ezihlaselayo. Bavumela oogqirha ukuba benze izenzo ezifana nokuthatha i-biopsies, ukususa i-polyps, kunye nokuyeka ukopha ngaphandle kwesidingo esikhulu, ukuvuleka kotyando oluvulekileyo.

2. Uthini umahluko phakathi kwezixhobo zokuxilonga kunye nezonyango ze-endoscopic?

   Izixhobo zokuxilonga, ezifana ne-biopsy forceps, zisetyenziselwa ukuqokelela ulwazi kunye neesampuli zethishu ukwenzela ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo. Izixhobo zonyango, ezifana ne-polypectomy snares okanye iziqeshana ze-hemostatic, zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga imeko efunyenwe ngexesha lenkqubo.

3. Yeyiphi imingcipheko ephambili eyayanyaniswa nezixhobo ze-endoscopic eziphinda zisetyenziswe?

   Umngcipheko ophambili kukungcoliseka. Ngenxa yoyilo oluntsonkothileyo lwezixhobo ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, ukucocwa, ukubulala iintsholongwane, kunye nenkqubo yokuvala inzala (eyaziwa ngokuba yi "reprocessing") ingumceli mngeni omkhulu. Amaqumrhu agunyazisiweyo, aquka i-FDA, akhuphe izilumkiso ezininzi zokhuseleko eziqaqambisa ukuba ukucutshungulwa okungonelanga ngunobangela obalulekileyo wosulelo lwesigulane ukuya kwisigulana.

4. Kutheni le nto izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kanye, njengezo zisuka kwi-XBX, zithathwa njengezikhuselekileyo kwaye zithandwa kakhulu?

   Ukusebenzisa kanye, okanye ukulahlwa, izixhobo zinikela ngezibonelelo ezintathu eziphambili: 1 Ukhuseleko olupheleleyo: Isixhobo ngasinye sipakishwe kwaye sisetyenziswa kube kanye kuphela, ngokusisiseko sisusa umngcipheko wokosuleleka ngenxa yokuphinda kucocwe ngendlela engafanelekanga. I-2 Ukusebenza okuthembekileyo: Isixhobo esitsha sisetyenziswa rhoqo, ngoko akukho nto yokugqoka kunye nokukrazula kokusetyenziswa kwangaphambili kunye nemijikelezo yokucoca, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuhambelana kotyando. I-3 Ukwandiswa kokuSebenza: Baphelisa ukuhamba komsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi kunye nexesha elichithayo, ukunciphisa iindleko zabasebenzi kunye neekhemikhali ngelixa bephucula amaxesha okuguqula phakathi kweenkqubo.