I-Endoscope: Uhlalutyo olunzulu lweSakhiwo kunye ne-Optical Imaging

Kwiinkalo zamayeza anamhlanje kunye novavanyo lwamashishini, i-endoscopy iye yaba sisixhobo esiyimfuneko sovavanyo kunye nokuxilongwa ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo ezizodwa. I-Endoscope sisixhobo esintsonkothileyo esidibanisa i-optics yemveli, i-ergonomics, oomatshini abachanekileyo, i-electronics yale mihla, imathematika, kunye nobuchwepheshe besoftware. I-Endoscope sisixhobo sokubona esidibanisa i-optics yemveli, i-ergonomics, oomatshini abachanekileyo, i-electronics yale mihla, imathematika, kunye nesoftware. Inemifanekiso yomfanekiso, iilensi zamehlo, ukukhanya komthombo wokukhanya, izixhobo zoomatshini, njl njl. Inokungena esiswini ngomlomo okanye ingene emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa ezinye iindlela zendalo. I-Endoscopy iluncedo kakhulu koogqirha njengoko ivumela ukubonwa kwezilonda ezingenakuboniswa nge-X-ray. Ngokomzekelo, ngoncedo lwe-endoscope, oogqirha banokubona izilonda okanye i-tumor esiswini kwaye baphuhlise isicwangciso sonyango esilungileyo ngokusekelwe kule nto.

Ngokuphathelele isicelo, inokwahlulwa ngokulula ibe ngamacandelo amabini: ii-endoscopes zamashishini kunye nee-endoscopes zonyango.

Ngokubhekiselele kwiindidi ze-endoscopes zoshishino, zahlulwe zibe yi-endoscopes ebonakalayo, i-fiber optic endoscopes, i-electronic endoscopes, i-CCD yevidiyo endoscopes, i-endoscopes yevidiyo ye-CMOS, kunye ne-endoscopes yombane ye-360 ° ngokusekelwe kwiifom zabo zokucinga. Ngokweentlobo zemithombo yokukhanya ye-endoscope, zohlulwe zibe zii-endoscopes zesibane se-fluorescent high-frequency, fibre halogen lamp endoscopes, kunye ne-LED endoscopes.

Ngokwembono yesicelo, ii-endoscopes zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amabini: ishishini kunye nezonyango. Imbali yophuhliso lwee-endoscopes zonyango ide, kwaye izakhiwo zabo zokucinga kunye nobuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuguquka. Okwangoku, zinokwahlulwa ikakhulu zibe ngamacandelo amathathu: i-endoscopes ye-tube eqinile, i-fiber optical (ityhubhu eguquguqukayo) i-endoscopes, kunye ne-electronic endoscopes.

Ngokuphathelele ukuhlelwa kwee-endoscopes zonyango, zinokuthi zihlulwe ngokufanelekileyo zibe ngamacandelo amathathu ngokusekelwe kuphuhliso lwabo kunye nezakhiwo zokucinga: i-tube endoscopes eqinile, i-fiber optical (i-flexible tube) i-endoscopes, kunye ne-electronic endoscopes.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zee-endoscopes ezisetyenziselwa iimviwo zonyango, nganye inendlela yayo yokuhlelwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi ndlela zintathu zilandelayo zokuhlelwa zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ngokubhekiselele kwiintengiso zeemarike, iindidi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziilensi ezinzima kunye neelensi eziguquguqukayo ezisekelwe ekubeni ziyakwazi ukutshintsha isalathiso ekusebenzeni kweklinikhi.

I-endoscopy ye-tube enzima yenye yeendlela zokuqala ze-endoscopes, ezenziwe ngesinyithi okanye iplastiki enzima kwaye ixhotyiswe ngamacandelo okukhanya kunye nenkqubo yokukhanya ngaphakathi. Ngenxa yobume bayo obulula kunye nokuqina, ii-endoscopes zetyhubhu eziqinileyo zisenezicelo kwezinye iisetingi ezithile zonyango. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwayo, isenokungabi yinto efanelekileyo kwiimfuno ezithile zokuhlola ezinzima.

Ukuvela kwe-fiber optical (i-tube eguquguqukayo) i-endoscopes ibonisa ukuqhubela phambili kwi-teknoloji ye-endoscopic. Isebenzisa iintsinga zokukhanya njengokukhanya okuphakathi, ukunika i-endoscope ukuguquguquka okungcono kunye ne-angle yokujonga ebanzi. I-Optical fiber endoscopy ayifanelekanga kuphela kuvavanyo lomphezulu, kodwa kunye nokujonga izicubu ezinzulu, ngenxa yoko iye yakhuthazwa ngokubanzi kwizicelo zeklinikhi.

I-endoscope ye-elektroniki luhlobo lwamva nje lwe-endoscope esebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-elektroniki ukwenza umfanekiso. Ixhotyiswe ngekhamera encinci kunye nenzwa yomfanekiso, enokuguqula imifanekiso ebonwayo ibe yimiqondiso yombane kwaye ibonise ngenkqubo yokucubungula ividiyo. Ii-endoscopes ze-elektroniki zinokucaca okuphezulu komfanekiso, ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo, kwaye kunokuqhagamshelwa kwezinye izixhobo zonyango ngokusebenzisa i-interfaces ezahlukeneyo ukufezekisa ukuhanjiswa nokugcinwa kwedatha. Ukongeza, ii-endoscopes ze-elektroniki nazo zinomsebenzi wokukhulisa, onokunika uqwalaselo oluthe kratya lwendawo yesilonda.

Ii-endoscopes zemizi-mveliso zisetyenziselwa ukuhlola kunye nomsebenzi wokulondoloza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino. Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokucinga, ii-endoscopes zamashishini zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-optical endoscopes, i-fiber optic endoscopes, i-electronic endoscopes, i-CCD video endoscopes, i-endoscopes yevidiyo ye-CMOS, kunye ne-endoscopes yombane eyi-360 °. Ezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo ze-endoscopes zamashishini zineempawu zazo kwaye zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokubona kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Okwangoku, ii-endoscopes zamashishini zinokwahlulwa ngakumbi ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lomthombo wokukhanya, ezifana ne-high-frequency fluorescent lamp endoscopes, i-fiber halogen isibane endoscopes, kunye ne-LED endoscopes.

Nokuba kukusetyenziswa kwezonyango okanye kwimizi-mveliso, umgaqo osisiseko wokusebenza we-endoscopes usekwe kwimigaqo ye-optical imaging. Ukuthatha i-endoscopes zonyango njengomzekelo, ukukhanya okukhutshwa ngumthombo wokukhanya kuhanjiswa nge-beam yokukhanya (i-fiber optic) kwizicubu zangaphakathi zomzimba womntu. Inxalenye eza kuhlolwa iboniswa yilensi ekujongwe kuyo kuluhlu lweCCD, emva koko i-CCD eqhuba isekethe ilawula i-CCD ukuze iqokelele imifanekiso kunye neempawu zevidiyo ezisemgangathweni ukuze oogqirha baziqwalasele kwaye bahlalutye. Le ndlela yokuhlola i-non-invasive iyancipha kakhulu intlungu yesigulane, ngelixa iphinda iphucule ukuchaneka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuxilongwa.

I-Endoscope, njengesixhobo esiphambili sokufumanisa, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkalo zonyango kunye nempilo kunye nokuveliswa kwemveliso. Ngokuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji, itekhnoloji ye-endoscopes ihlala ivelisa kwaye iphucula. Kwixesha elizayo, iimveliso ze-endoscopic ezintsha ziya kuvela, zibonelela ngeziqinisekiso ezinamandla kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokhuseleko lwemveliso.