Endoscope: Isesengura ryimbitse ryimiterere na Optical Imaging

Mu rwego rwubuvuzi bugezweho no gupima inganda, endoskopi yabaye igikoresho cyingirakamaro mu gusuzuma no gusuzuma kubera ibyiza byihariye. Endoscope nigikoresho kitoroshye gihuza optique gakondo, ergonomique, imashini zisobanutse, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho, imibare, hamwe nikoranabuhanga rya software. Endoscope nigikoresho cyo gutahura gihuza optique gakondo, ergonomique, imashini zisobanutse, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho, imibare, na software. Ifite ibyuma bifata amashusho, lensike optique, kumurika urumuri, ibikoresho bya mashini, nibindi. Irashobora kwinjira mu gifu ikoresheje umunwa cyangwa ikinjira mumubiri ikoresheje indi nzira karemano. Endoscopi ni ingirakamaro cyane kubaganga kuko itanga uburyo bwo kubona ibisebe bidashobora kwerekanwa na X-ray. Kurugero, hifashishijwe endoskopi, abaganga barashobora kwitegereza ibisebe cyangwa ibibyimba munda kandi bagategura gahunda nziza yo kuvura ishingiye kuriyi.

Kubijyanye no kubishyira mu bikorwa, birashobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: endoskopi yinganda na endoskopi yubuvuzi.

Kubyerekeranye n'ubwoko bwa endoskopi yinganda, bigabanijwemo endoskopi optique, fibre optique endoskopi, endoskopi ya elegitoronike, amashusho ya CCD, endoskopi ya CMOS, na endoskopi y’amashanyarazi 360 ° ishingiye ku mashusho yabo. Ukurikije ubwoko bwurumuri rwa endoskopi, bigabanijwemo itara ryinshi rya fluorescent itara rya endoskopi, itara rya fibre halogen, na endoskopi ya LED.

Urebye kubisabwa, endoskopi irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: inganda nubuvuzi. Amateka yiterambere rya endoskopi yubuvuzi ni maremare, kandi imiterere yabo yerekana amashusho hamwe nikoranabuhanga bikomeje kugenda bihinduka. Kugeza ubu, barashobora kugabanywamo cyane cyane ibyiciro bitatu: endoskopi ikomeye ya tube, fibre optique (flex tube) endoskopi, na endoskopi ya elegitoroniki.

Kubyerekeranye no gutondekanya endoskopi yubuvuzi, birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu ukurikije iterambere ryabo hamwe nuburyo bwo gufata amashusho: endoskopi ikomeye, fibre optique (flex tube) endoskopi, na endoskopi ya elegitoroniki.

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa endoskopi ikoreshwa mugupimisha kwa muganga, buriwese ufite uburyo bwihariye. Muri rusange, uburyo butatu bukurikira bukoreshwa cyane. Kubijyanye no kugurisha isoko, ibyiciro bikoreshwa cyane ni lens zikomeye hamwe ninzitizi zoroshye ukurikije niba zishobora guhindura icyerekezo mubikorwa byubuvuzi.

Ikibaho gikomeye endoskopi nimwe muburyo bwambere bwa endoskopi, ikozwe mubyuma cyangwa plastike ikomeye kandi ifite ibikoresho bya optique hamwe na sisitemu yo gutwara urumuri imbere. Bitewe nuburyo bworoshye kandi buramba, endoskopi ikomeye iracyafite porogaramu muburyo bwihariye bwubuvuzi. Ariko, kubera kubura guhinduka, ntibishobora kuba byiza kubisabwa bimwe bigoye.

Kugaragara kwa fibre optique (flex tube) endoskopi yerekana iterambere ryinshi mubuhanga bwa endoskopi. Ikoresha fibre optique nkumucyo utwara uburyo, butanga endoscope ihinduka neza kandi ikaguka. Optical fibre endoscopi ntabwo ikwiriye gusuzumwa gusa, ariko kandi no kureba imyenda yimbitse, bityo yazamuwe cyane mubikorwa byubuvuzi.

Endoskopi ya elegitoronike nubwoko bwa nyuma bwa endoscope ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoronike mu gufata amashusho. Ifite kamera ntoya na sensor sensor, ishobora guhindura amashusho yagaragaye mubimenyetso byamashanyarazi no kuyerekana binyuze muri sisitemu yo gutunganya amashusho. Endoskopi ya elegitoronike ifite ishusho isobanutse neza, ikora neza, kandi irashobora guhuzwa nibindi bikoresho byubuvuzi binyuze mumirongo itandukanye kugirango igere ku makuru no kubika. Mubyongeyeho, endoskopi ya elegitoronike nayo ifite umurimo wo gukuza, ushobora gutanga ibisobanuro birambuye kurubuga rwaho.

Inganda za endoskopi zikoreshwa cyane cyane mubikorwa byo kugenzura no kubungabunga inganda zitandukanye. Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gufata amashusho, endoskopi yinganda irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butandukanye nka optique ya optique, fibre optique endoskopi, endoskopi ya elegitoronike, amashusho ya CCD, endoskopi ya CMOS, na endoskopi y’amashanyarazi 360 °. Ubu bwoko butandukanye bwinganda za endoskopi zifite imiterere yazo kandi zirashobora guhura nibikenewe mugushakisha mubihe bitandukanye. Hagati aho, endoskopi yinganda irashobora kugabanywa hashingiwe ku bwoko bw’isoko ry’umucyo, nka endoskopi y’amatara menshi ya fluorescent, endoskopi ya fibre halogen, na endoskopi ya LED.

Haba kubuvuzi cyangwa inganda, ihame ryibanze ryakazi rya endoskopi rishingiye kumahame ya optique yerekana amashusho. Dufashe urugero rwa endoskopi yubuvuzi, urumuri rutangwa nisoko yumucyo rwanduzwa binyuze mumucyo (fibre optique) mumyanya yimbere yumubiri wumuntu. Igice kigomba gusuzumwa cyashushanijwe nintego yibintu hejuru ya CCD, hanyuma umuzenguruko wa CCD ugenzura CCD gukusanya amashusho no gusohora ibimenyetso byerekana amashusho kubaganga kureba no gusesengura. Ubu buryo bwo kwisuzumisha budahwitse bugabanya cyane ububabare bwumurwayi, mugihe bunoze kandi bunoze bwo gusuzuma.

Endoscope, nkigikoresho cyambere cyo gutahura, igira uruhare runini haba mubuvuzi nubuzima ndetse n’umusaruro w’inganda. Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, tekinoroji ya endoskopi ihora ivugurura kandi igatera imbere. Mu bihe biri imbere, ibicuruzwa byinshi bya endoskopique bizagaragara, bizatanga ingwate zikomeye ku buzima bw’umuntu n’umutekano w’umusaruro.