I-Endoscope Innovations yokuFumana iSibhedlele

Ukuveliswa kwe-Endoscope ekuthengeni izibhedlele kukuqhubela phambili kwimifanekiso, ukuyila, ukuvala inzala, ukuhlanganiswa kwedijithali, kunye neemodeli zenkonzo ezivavanya izibhedlele ukuphucula ukhuseleko lwesigulane, iziphumo zekliniki, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko ngelixa ivumela i-OEM / ODM ngokwezifiso kunye nabavelisi abafana ne-XBX.

Ukuvela kweTekhnoloji ye-Endoscope

I-Endoscopy iye yaqhubela phambili ukusuka kwiibhubhu eziqinileyo kunye ne-optics esisiseko ukuya kwi-flexible, i-chip-on-tip systems ezihambisa ividiyo ephezulu kunye nenkxaso yezixhobo zonyango. Iinyanda zeFayibha zanika indlela kwi-CMOS sensors; iibhalbhu ze-halogen zatshintshwa zii-LED; Iimpawu ze-analog zifuduselwe kumaqonga edijithali kunye nokulungiswa kwemifanekiso, ukurekhoda, kunye neziphumo ezilungele i-AI. Olu tshintsho lutshintshe ukuchaneka kweklinikhi, ixesha lenkqubo, kunye noqoqosho lokuthengwa kwesibhedlele. Ababoneleli abafana ne-XBX balinganise olu phuculo lwaba ziinkqubo ezipheleleyo, eziqinisekisiweyo ezifanele iimfuno zokuthotyelwa kwehlabathi.

Amanqaku abalulekileyo kuYilo nakuMfanekiso

• Ukuqina ukuya kuyilo oluguquguqukayo: ukufikelela okuphuculweyo kunye nokuthuthuzelwa kwesigulana kuyo yonke i-GI, ukuphefumla, i-urology, i-gynecology, kunye ne-orthopedics.

• Izinzwa ze-Chip-on-tip: uvakalelo oluphezulu, ingxolo ephantsi, kunye nokuveliswa kombala okungaguqukiyo kwi-anatomy yokukhanya okuphantsi.

• Ukukhanya kwe-LED: ukusebenza okupholileyo, ixesha elide lokuphila, kunye nebhalansi emhlophe ezinzileyo ngakumbi umahluko ongcono we-mucosal.

• I-4K nangaphezulu: ukubonwa okuphuculweyo kwezilonda zakuqala, iipateni ze-vascular, kunye nokungafani okufihlakeleyo.

• I-Ergonomic handpieces: ukunciphisa ukudinwa kwabasebenzisi ngokusebenzisa ubunzima obulinganayo kunye nolawulo olubambekayo.

• Uyilo olutywiniweyo: ukhuseleko lokungena oluphezulu ukumelana nemijikelo yokuhlaziya kwakhona.

Ukulinganiswa kweeMpembelelo zokuSebenza kweziBhedlele

• Amaxesha amafutshane enkqubo kunye neemviwo ezimbalwa zokuphinda iimviwo xa ukubonwa kunye nokufunxa/ukunyuswa kulungiselelwe.

• Iigophe zoqeqesho ezisezantsi ezinolawulo olucacileyo kunye nonxibelelwano olusemgangathweni kuwo onke amasebe.

• Amaxwebhu aphuculweyo: ukuthunyelwa kwe-PACS/VNA ngokuthe ngqo, inkcazo yesitampu sexesha, kunye nemetadata ekhuselekileyo.

• Imijikelo yogcino eqikelelweyo exhaswa ngamacandelo eemodyuli kunye needeshbhodi zenkonzo.

Izinto eziPhambili zokuThengwa kweziBhedlele

Iikomiti zokuthengwa kwempahla zilinganisa ukusebenza kweklinikhi, ukuthotyelwa kolawulo, iindleko zokuphila, kunye nokuthembeka komthengisi. Uvavanyo ludlulela ngaphaya kwe-endoscope ukuya kwiiprosesa, imithombo yokukhanya, iinqwelo, iiprosesa, isoftware, kunye neekhontrakthi zenkonzo. Ukunciphisa iindleko zizonke zobunini, izibhedlele zikhangela i-hardware ehlala ixesha elide, ukuhambelana kwesebe elinqamlezayo, kunye nenkxaso ephendulayo. I-XBX ipakisha ezi zinto zibe zizithungu ezihla zinyukayo zamaziko emfundo ephakamileyo kunye neeyunithi ze-ambulatory.

Iimetriki zokuSebenza kweKlinikhi

• Isisombululo kunye nokuchasana kumgama wokusebenza ukuze kubonwe isilonda kunye nokuchaneka konyango.

• Inkalo yembono kunye nobunzulu bentsimi kwi-anatomy egobileyo okanye emxinwa.

• Isincedisi setshaneli sokufunxa, ukunkcenkceshela, i-biopsy, kunye nezixhobo zamandla.

• Ukubambezeleka kunye nesantya sesakhelo semisebenzi emihle yemoto efana ne-polypectomy okanye ibhasikithi yamatye.

IiMetrikhi zokuSebenza kunye nezeMali

• Ixesha lokuphinda licutshungulwe ngomjikelo ngamnye, izinto ezisetyenziswayo kumjikelo ngamnye, kunye nabasebenzi bobuchwephesha.

• I-Scope uptime, ithetha ixesha phakathi kokusilela, kunye nexesha lokukhokela lokulungiswa okanye ababolekisi.

• Ukuhambelana neenqaba ezikhoyo, abahloli, abarekhoda, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko ye-IT.

• Imodeli yeendleko zeLifecycle ebandakanya amanqanaba eenkonzo, amachibi omboleki, kunye neendlela zokuphucula.

I-Gastroenterology: Izinto ezintsha kunye ne-Procurement Fit

I-endoscopy ye-GI ixhomekeke ekubonweni okucacileyo kwe-mucosal, ukunyanzeliswa okuchanekileyo, kunye neziteshi ezithembekileyo ze-biopsy kunye ne-polypectomy. Utshintsho lwakutsha nje lujolise kwiiprosesa ze-4K, iindlela zokucinga eziphuculweyo, idistal tip articulation, kunye nophuculo lokufunxa / ukunyuswa kwebhalansi. I-XBX idibanisa ezi mpawu kunye nezixhobo zeshaft ezomeleleyo kunye nokugoba okutywiniweyo ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kuzo zonke iicaseloads ezinzima.

IiTekhnoloji ze-GI eziphambili

• Ukuphuculwa kwe-spectral okanye i-band imaging ukugqamisa iipateni ze-vascular kunye nemigodi ngaphandle kwedayi.

• I-Wide-angle optics yokugubungela i-mucosal ebanzi kwiindawo ezimbalwa.

• Iindlela zokufunxa eziphezulu zokugcina intsimi ecocekileyo ngexesha lamanyathelo onyango.

• Iiprosesa ezihlakaniphile ezinokunciphisa ingxolo yolwazi lwendawo kunye nokwandisa umda.

• Imigibe ehambelanayo, iikliphu, kunye neenaliti zokutofa eziqinisekisiweyo kumjelo wobubanzi.

Uluhlu lokuThengwa kwe-GI

• Iibenchmarks zokubona ubuntu bePolyp kunye neevidiyo zedemo ezigciniweyo zophononongo lwekomiti.

• Uvavanyo lokuqina kwesiteshi kunye nokuhamba okuphezulu kokufunxa kunye nolwelo lwe-viscous.

• Ukuqinisekiswa kokulungiswa kwakhona, kubandakanywa ukuhambelana kwe-detergent kunye nokomisa i-lumen.

• Ukusebenzisana kweTower kunye namaxwebhu e-cybersecurity esibhedlele se-IT.

Ukuphefumla: I-Bronchoscopy kunye neRobotic Navigation

I-Pulmonology ifuna imida emincinci kakhulu yeendlela zomoya ezijikelezayo, umfanekiso ozinzileyo we-biopsy, kunye nofikelelo lwezixhobo ezinjenge-cryoprobes. Ukuhamba ngerobhothi kuphucula ukufikelela kunye nokuchaneka. Xa uvavanya ezi nkqubo, izibhedlele zingumzekelo wokuxilonga isivuno, iimfuno ze-anesthesia, kunye neendleko eziphantsi ukusuka kwiinkqubo zokuphinda. I-XBX inikezela ngolungelelwaniso olunamanqanaba ukuze amaziko atshatise ubunzima beqonga kunye nomxube wabo wetyala.

Iimpawu zeBronchoscopy Ezibalulekileyo

• Idayimitha yangaphandle kunye neradiyasi yokugoba ukufikelela kwi-bronchi ephantsi ngokukhuselekileyo.

• Ukucaca komfanekiso kwiindlela zomoya ezinokukhanya okuphantsi kunye nobumnyama obuncinci bentshukumo.

• Ukuhambelana kwesixhobo se-Biopsy kunye nokukhuselwa komjelo ngokuchasene ne-abrasion.

• Iinketho ezikhawulezayo zokubulala iintsholongwane ecaleni kwebhedi kwi-ICU okanye iinkqubo zikaxakeka xa zivunyelwe ngumgaqo-nkqubo.

IiNgqwalaselo zeRobhothi / zokuNavigation eziPhezulu

• Ukuzinza kunye nokuchaneka kokujoliswa kwamaqhuqhuva amancinci angama-peripheral.

• Ukudityaniswa ne-pre-op imaging kunye neendlela ze-intra-op zendawo.

• Imali eyinkunzi xa ithelekiswa nezinto ezilahlwayo: indleko ngokwemeko nganye imodeli ngaphezu komthamo oqikelelweyo.

• Ixesha loqeqesho, iindlela zokuqinisekisa, kunye nokufumaneka kokulinganisa.

Urology: Cystoscopy, Ureteroscopy, Nephroscopy

Imida ye-Urology kufuneka ilungelelanise ukuthembeka komfanekiso kunye nokuqina phantsi kokuphambuka okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokuvezwa kwamandla e-laser. I-Digital flexible cystoscopes kunye ne-ureteroscopes zinciphisa iinkqubo kunye nokunciphisa ukungonwabi kwesigulane. Amaqela okuthenga ajonga ubomi bokudinwa kwe-shaft, ukuhambelana nelaser, kunye nokuguqulwa kokuvalwa kokuvalwa. I-XBX igxininisa amacandelo e-distal aqiniweyo kunye neziteshi eziqinisekisiweyo ze-laser ezikhuselekileyo zokwandisa ixesha lokuphila.

Iimpawu zokuthengwa kwe-urology

• Ukugcinwa kwe-Deflection emva kwemijikelo yokudinwa kunye nokuzinza kwe-torque phantsi komthwalo.

• Ukunyamezela kwe-thermal kunye nokugcinwa kwe-optics ngexesha le-laser lithotripsy.

• I-Sheath kunye nokuhambelana kwenkqubo yokufikelela kwi-workflows yolawulo lwamatye.

• Imijikelo eqinisekisiweyo yokuvala inzala ngokulandelela ukulungela uphicotho.

I-Gynecology: I-Ofisi kunye ne-Operative Hysteroscopy

I-hysteroscopes encinci ye-diameter enomgangatho ophuculweyo wolawulo lwe-fluid yenza ukuba uxilongo olusekwe kwiofisi kunye nonyango, ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwe-anesthesia kunye OKANYE imfuno. Iinketho ezilahlayo zinciphisa umngcipheko wongcoliseko olunqamlezayo kwiikliniki ezinengeniso ephezulu. I-XBX ixhasa iimodeli zombini ezinezandla ze-ergonomic kunye noyilo olucacileyo lwendlela yolwelo olugcina ukubonakala.

Iikhrayitheriya zokuthenga ngeHysteroscopy

• Idayimitha yangaphandle vs. ukuthuthuzeleka kwesigulane kunye nesidingo sokuhlanjululwa komlomo wesibeleko.

• Ukuzinza kokulawula ulwelo kunye nokubonwa ngexesha lokuphuma kwegazi.

• Umthamo wetshaneli osebenzayo we graspers, scissors, and bipolar devices.

• Ukudityaniswa kweofisi: iinqwelo, iiprosesa ezidibeneyo, kunye ne-EMR-friendly reporting.

I-Orthopedics: Iinkqubo zeArthroscopy

I-Arthroscopy ifuna ukukhanya okunamandla, ulawulo lolwelo oluhamba kakhulu, kunye neekhamera ezomeleleyo zeendawo ezidibeneyo. Imida emincinci edibeneyo yenza banzi izalathisi esihlahleni, iqakala, kunye nengqiniba. Izisombululo ze-XBX ze-arthroscopy zibeka phambili ukuthembeka kombala, ukuncitshiswa kwe-latency, kunye ne-optics etywiniweyo enyamezela ukuvala inzala rhoqo ngaphandle kwenkungu.

Amanqaku oVavanyo lweArthroscopy

• Isigqibo kunye nokuphathwa kwentshukumo yokuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwesixhobo.

• Iinketho zokulawula impompo ezinzisa uxinzelelo ngelixa ususa inkunkuma.

• I-ergonomics yentloko yekhamera kunye noxinzelelo lwentambo kwiimeko ezide.

• Ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kunye noluhlu lwezixhobo kumayeza ezemidlalo kunye nomonzakalo.
  
  

Ukufanekisa, iDatha, kunye noManyano lweDijithali

Ii-endoscopes zanamhlanje kufuneka zisebenzisane ne-PACS/VNA, iiqonga zevidiyo zotyando, kunye nemibhobho yohlalutyo. Izibhedlele zifuna ukuthumela ngaphandle okukhuselekileyo, okusekwe kwimigangatho, ukufikelela okusekwe kwindima, kunye neendlela zophicotho. Ukufumanisa okuncediswa yi-AI kunye ne-automation ye-automation yongeza ixabiso xa ihlanganiswe kwi-IT ekhoyo. I-XBX iyila iiprosesa ezineeprothokholi ezivulekileyo kunye nee-API ezibhaliweyo ukuze zilungele ulwakhiwo lweshishini.

Ubunakho beDijithali ukuChaza

• Ukubanjwa kwe-4K yemveli kunye nesandi esilungelelanisiweyo kunye nenkcazo yexesha.

• I-DICOM ethe ngqo okanye umthengisi-phakathi kokuthumela ngaphandle ngokugcinwa kwemetadata.

• Ukuqinisekiswa komsebenzisi, uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo xa uphumle/usendleleni, kunye nokugawulwa kweencwadi.

• Hlaziya i-cadence, iinketho zolawulo lwe-on-prem, kunye nezicwangciso zokubuyisela umva.

Ulawulo losulelo kunye neZixhobo zokuSebenzisa enye

Umngcipheko wosulelo olunqamlezileyo utyhalela izibhedlele ukuba ziphinde zicutshungulwe okanye zisebenzise enye indawo kwiimeko ezinomngcipheko omkhulu. Iimodeli zokuthenga zilinganisa izinto ezinokulahlwa kwimeko nganye xa zithelekiswa nokusetyenzwa kwakhona kwabasebenzi, izinto ezisetyenziswayo kunye nexesha lokuphumla. I-XBX ibonelela ngeepotfoliyo ezixubeneyo, evumela amasebe ukuba asebenzise imida yosetyenziso olunye apho umngcipheko uphezulu kunye nemida enokusetyenziswa kwakhona apho imiqulu ithethelela utyalo-mali.

Izinto ezilahlwayo vs. Eziphinda zisebenziseke: iiNgeniso zesigqibo

• Iprofayili yomngcipheko wesigulane, ubunzima bemeko, kunye neemfuno zokugqiba.

• Ukulungiswa kwakhona kwamandla eziseko zophuhliso kunye nabasebenzi bobuchwephesha.

• Imigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo lwenkunkuma kunye neenjongo zokusingqongileyo.

• Ukubonelela ngokuqhubekeka kunye nesitokhwe se-buffer solungiselelo lokusetyenziswa kanye.

Uqeqesho, ukulinganisa, kunye nokuqinisekisa

Ukufunyanwa kwezakhono yinto ethintelayo kwiziphumo ze-endoscopic. Izibhedlele zithenga izixhobo zokulingisa, amathala eencwadi eevidiyo, kunye neenkqubo zeproctoring ukulungelelanisa ubuchule. Ukufakwa koqeqesho kwiikhontrakthi zokuthengwa kwempahla kukhawulezisa ukwamkelwa. I-XBX ibandakanya ukufikelela kwe-simulator kunye neendlela ezicwangcisiweyo zokukhwela kwiimvumelwano zeshishini ukunciphisa ama-curves okufunda.

Imiba yeMfundo emayiBandakanywe

• Iimodyuli ezicacileyo zenkqubo kunye neemetrics zokukhangela umda kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo.

• Izandla kwiilebhu kunye noqeqesho olukude lweendlela ezinzima.

• Uluhlu lokukhangela iziqinisekiso oluhambelana nomgaqo-nkqubo wesibhedlele.

• Imijikelo yokuhlaziya ebotshelelwe kwiideshibhodi ezisemgangathweni kunye nophononongo lwemeko.

OEM kunye ODM Customization Strategies

Iinkqubo ezininzi zifuna ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kukhetho lwekliniki lwasekhaya, imimiselo, okanye uphawu. I-OEM ibonelela ngokubhaliweyo kweziko; I-ODM ihlengahlengisa i-ergonomics, i-optics, kunye nesoftware. I-XBX isebenzisana kwi-co-design, ukusuka kuvavanyo lweemfuno ukuya kwiiprototypes, ukuqinisekiswa, ukuqinisekiswa, kunye nokuveliswa kwemveliso kunye nenkxaso yesiqinisekiso samazwe ngamazwe.

Iindlela zokuLungisa

• Ukufakwa kweemfuno zeklinikhi ngegalelo lezinto ezininzi.

• Uphuculo lwezinto zomntu zokuphatha, amaqhosha, kunye netorque ejikelezayo.

• Ukulungiswa kwe-Optical yezicubu ezijoliswe kuyo kunye neendlela ezichaseneyo.

• Iiprofayile zeSoftware ezineseti zangaphambili, iindima zabasebenzisi, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokuthumela ngaphandle.

Iindleko zoBomi kunye neeModeli zeNkonzo

Ixabiso lilonke lobunini lixhomekeke ekomeleleni, ekulungiseni kwakhona, ekugcinweni nasekuphuculweni. Ukwenziwa kwezinto elubala kwenkonzo kunye nokufikelela ngokukhawuleza kombolekisi kukhusela iishedyuli zenkqubo. I-XBX inikezela ngenkonzo enemigangatho enemiqondiso yogcino oluqikelelweyo kunye neendawo zokugcina ummandla ukunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla.

Iindleko kunye neNkonzo yeeNqanawa

• Ulondolozo olwenziwa minyaka le kunye neendleko zomjikelo ngokutsha wokulungisa.

• Ukulandelwa kobubanzi kwiipateni zokulungisa kunye nezenzo zokuthintela.

• Ii-SLA zokufumaneka kwababoleki-mali kunye neethagethi zotshintsho.

• Ukuphuculwa kobomi obuphakathi kwiprosesa, i-firmware, okanye iindlela zokucinga.

IiNdlela zokuThengwa kweeMpahla zeHlabathi

Kuyo yonke imimandla, iikomiti zidibana kulawulo losulelo, udibaniso lwedijithali, kunye nokuqulathwa kweendleko ngelixa zijongana neziseko zoncedo zasekhaya. UMntla Melika uthanda ukucingelwa kwangaphambili kunye nerobhothi; IYurophu igxininisa ukuzinza nokuthotyelwa; I-Asia-Pacific isikali ukufikelela kunye nokuphuculwa stepwise; iimarike ezikhulayo zibeka phambili uburheletya kunye noqeqesho. XBX tunes ipotfoliyo ixutywa kwizinto eziphambili zengingqi kunye nezicwangciso-nkqubo zomgaqo-nkqubo.

Iindawo ekuGxilwe kuzo kwiNgingqi

• UMntla Merika: Ukufunyanwa okuncediswa yi-AI, iirobhothi, kunye nokudityaniswa kwe-IT yeshishini.

• IYurophu: impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwakhona, kunye nolawulo olungqongqo lwedatha.

• I-Asiya-Pacific: ukukhula komthamo okukhawulezayo kunye neenqaba eziguquguqukayo, eziphuculweyo.

• I-Middle East / Afrika: ukuthembeka, ukufikelela kwenkonzo, kunye nokuhambelana kwezinto ezininzi.

Umbono wekamva lokuthengwa kweZibhedlele

I-Miniaturization, i-optics ehlakaniphile, kunye ne-AI iya kuqhubeka nokutshintsha ixabiso kwi-hardware yodwa ukuya kumaqonga adibeneyo. Ukuthengwa kwempahla kuya kwandisa iindlela zokuvavanya ukubandakanya umgangatho wedatha, ukusebenzisana, kunye neziphumo zabantu. Abathengisi ababonelela ngedatha yenkonzo ecacileyo kunye nenkxaso-mali eguquguqukayo baya kuphumelela ubudlelwane bexesha elide. I-XBX ityala imali kule migaqo ukuze ihambelane neenjongo zezibhedlele zeklinikhi nezokusebenza.

Ubutsha be-Endoscope buphinda bumise indlela izibhedlele eziceba ngayo, zithenge, kwaye zinikezele ngokhathalelo olungephi. Ngokulinganisa izibonelelo zeklinikhi, ukuqinisekiswa kokulawulwa kosulelo, ukudibanisa ukuhamba komsebenzi wedijithali, kunye neendleko zokulinganisa ubomi, amaqela okuthenga anokukhetha iinkqubo eziphucula iziphumo kunye nokukhusela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Ngepotfoliyo elungeleleneyo kunye neenketho ze-OEM / ODM, i-XBX ixhasa izibhedlele ekwakhiweni okuzinzileyo, iinkqubo eziphezulu ze-endoscopy ezilinganisa imfuno.

FAQ

1. Zeziphi iziqinisekiso ekufuneka umzi-mveliso we-endoscope uzinike ukuthengwa kwesibhedlele?

   Ababoneleli kufuneka baveze i-ISO 13485, CE/MDR, okanye iimvume ze-FDA. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezintsha ze-endoscope ziyahlangabezana nomgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko efunwa zizibhedlele.

2. Ingaba iinkqubo zokucinga ze-endoscope ezintsha ziphucula njani ixabiso lokuthengwa kwesibhedlele?

   Inkcazo ephezulu, i-4K, kunye ne-AI-incedise i-endoscope imaging inciphisa iimpazamo zokuxilonga, ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo, kunye nokuphucula uqeqesho, oluphucula ngokuthe ngqo ukubuyiswa kotyalo-mali kwizibhedlele.

3. Ngaba umniki-nkonzo angabonelela ngokuphinda kusetyenziswe kunye nokhetho olunye lwe-endoscope?

   Ewe. Abavelisi abathembekileyo banikezela ngeepakethi zokuthenga eziguquguqukayo ezibandakanya iinkqubo eziphinda zisebenziseke kwiindleko ezifanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo zokulawula usulelo, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zesibhedlele.

4. Zeziphi izibonelelo zokuthenga ezivela kwiinkqubo ze-endoscope zemodyuli okanye eziphuculweyo?

   Iinguqulelo zemodyuli zivumela izibhedlele ukuba zitshintshe okanye ziphucule kuphela iindawo ezithile, ezifana ne-imaging sensors okanye i-biopsy channels, ukunciphisa iindleko ezipheleleyo zobunini ngelixa ugcina iteknoloji ikhoyo.

5. Zeziphi izinto eziphembelela amaxabiso okuthengwa kwempahla eninzi yee-endoscopes ezintsha?

   Amaxabiso axhomekeke kumthamo weodolo, ixesha lekhontrakthi, izincedisi ezidityanisiweyo, kunye neenkonzo zasemva kokuthengisa. Izibhedlele kufuneka zithethathethane ngezaphulelo kwii-odolo ezinkulu kunye nezivumelwano zobonelelo lwexesha elide.

6. Izibhedlele zikuhlola njani ukuthembeka komboneleli phambi kokuba zithengwe?

   Izibhedlele kufuneka zivavanye irekhodi lomnikezeli, iireferensi ezivela kwezinye izibhedlele, iCAPA kunye neerekhodi zezikhalazo, imbali yokuthotyelwa kwemithetho, kunye nokukwazi ukubonelela ngenkxaso yexesha elide kwizinto ezintsha ze-endoscope.