Kodi Laparoscope N'chiyani?

Laparoscope ndi chipangizo chachipatala chowonda, chokhala ngati chubu chokhala ndi kamera yodziwika bwino komanso gwero lowala lomwe limathandiza madokotala kuyang'ana mkati mwa mimba kapena m'chiuno popanda kupanga zilonda zazikulu. Chida ichi chochepa kwambiri chimakhala chapakati pa laparoscopy, njira yopangira opaleshoni yomwe imachepetsa ululu, imafupikitsa nthawi yochira, komanso imachepetsa zoopsa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha opaleshoni yachikhalidwe.

Kodi Laparoscope N'chiyani?

Laparoscope ndiye mwala wapangodya wa maopaleshoni amasiku ano osasokoneza kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi njira zotsegula zotsegula zomwe zimafuna kudulidwa kwautali, laparoscope imalola madokotala kuti ayang'ane ndikugwira ntchito mkati mwa thupi la munthu ndi malo ochepa olowera. Ndi chida chachitali, chopyapyala, nthawi zambiri mamilimita 5 mpaka 10 m'mimba mwake, chokhala ndi kamera yomangidwira mbali imodzi komanso gwero lowunikira kwambiri. Kamera imatumiza zithunzi zamoyo ku polojekiti, kupatsa madokotala maopaleshoni mawonekedwe okulirapo a pamimba.

Laparoscopy imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo ambiri azachipatala. Madokotala ochita opaleshoni amawagwiritsa ntchito kuti azindikire matenda omwe sangadziwike ndi zojambula zakunja zokha komanso kuchita opaleshoni yomwe poyamba inkaonedwa kuti ndi yovuta kwambiri. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa ndulu, appendectomy, chithandizo cha endometriosis, ndi njira zokhudzana ndi kubereka.

Nchifukwa chiyani odwala amafunikira laparoscopy?Odwala ambiri amadwala laparoscopy pamene zida zosagwiritsa ntchito zowunikira, monga ultrasound, CT scans, kapena MRI, sizingapereke kumveka kokwanira. Mwachitsanzo, amayi omwe ali ndi ululu wosadziwika bwino amatha kutumizidwa ku laparoscopy kuti azindikire endometriosis kapena ovarian cysts. Odwala omwe amaganiziridwa kuti ndi appendicitis, kupweteka kwa m'mimba kosadziwika bwino, kapena mitundu ina ya khansa amapindulanso ndi kuyang'anitsitsa kwa laparoscopic. Pambuyo pa matenda, laparoscopy imathandizira chithandizo panthawi imodzimodzi-kutanthauza kuti madokotala amatha kuzindikira ndi kuthetsa vuto mwa njira imodzi.

Tanthauzo la Laparoscope

M'mawu azachipatala, laparoscope imatanthauzidwa ngati chida cholimba cha endoscopic chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana matumbo a m'mimba kapena m'chiuno. Imaphatikiza makina owoneka bwino ndi ukadaulo wowunikira kuti apereke mawonekedwe a nthawi yeniyeni pazolinga zowunikira komanso zochiritsira. Mawonekedwe a laparoscope ndi kapangidwe kake kakang'ono ka tubular, gwero lamphamvu la kuwala, ndi zida zapamwamba kwambiri za kuwala kapena digito. Mwa kutumiza zithunzi kuchokera mkati mwa thupi kupita ku chinsalu chakunja, laparoscope imapereka mawonekedwe okulirapo komanso okulirapo azinthu zamkati zomwe siziwoneka ndi maso.

Poyerekeza laparoscope ndi zida zama opaleshoni zachikhalidwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potseguka, kusiyana kwake ndi kodabwitsa. Opaleshoni wamba nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kudula magawo a minofu, minofu, ndi khungu kuti mupeze ziwalo zamkati. Izi zimapangitsa kuti azikhala nthawi yayitali m'chipatala, mabala owoneka bwino, komanso chiopsezo chotenga matenda. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, njira za laparoscopic zimadalira njira zing'onozing'ono, nthawi zambiri zosakwana centimita imodzi, kuti alowetse chidacho. Izi zimachepetsa kuvulala ndikuthandizira kuchira msanga kwa odwala.

Kodi opaleshoni ya laparoscopic imatengedwa ngati opaleshoni yayikulu?Ngakhale kuti laparoscopy nthawi zambiri imatchulidwa kuti imakhala yochepa kwambiri, kaya ndi opaleshoni "yaikulu" kapena "yaing'ono" zimadalira ndondomeko yokha. Mwachitsanzo, matenda a laparoscopy, kumene dokotala wa opaleshoni amangoyang'ana pamimba pamimba, ndi ochepa. Komabe, opaleshoni ya laparoscopic yochizira, monga ma colorectal resections kapena gynecologic njira, imatha kutchulidwabe ngati maopaleshoni akulu chifukwa amaphatikiza zovuta mkati mwa thupi. Kusiyanitsa kofunikira ndikuti ngakhale m'ma opaleshoni akuluakulu, laparoscopy imachepetsa kukula ndi nthawi yochira poyerekeza ndi njira zotseguka zachikhalidwe.

Zida za Laparoscope ndi Zigawo

Laparoscope si chida chimodzi koma gawo la dongosolo lalikulu. Pamodzi, zigawozi zimapanga nsanja yogwira ntchito ya opaleshoni yotetezeka komanso yothandiza kwambiri. Kumvetsetsa zida kumathandiza onse ogwira ntchito zachipatala komanso odwala kuyamikira luso lamakonoli.

Zigawo zazikulu za laparoscope:

• Optical system ndi kamera:Pakatikati pa laparoscope pali dongosolo la kuwala. Ma laparoscope oyambirira ankadalira luso lamakono la ndodo kuti atumize zithunzi, koma mapangidwe amakono amaphatikizapo makamera a digito omwe amapereka chithunzithunzi chapamwamba. Makamera amenewa amatha kujambula minyewa, mitsempha yamagazi, ndi ziwalo zamkati, zomwe zimalola madokotala kuzindikira zovuta zina.

• Gwero la kuwala ndi fiber Optics:Kuwonekera ndikofunikira panthawi ya opaleshoni. Laparoscope imalumikizana ndi gwero la kuwala, nthawi zambiri xenon kapena LED, yofalitsidwa kudzera mu zingwe za fiber-optic. Kuwala kowala, kozizira kumawunikira malo opangira opaleshoni popanda kutentha minofu, kupanga malo ogwirira ntchito omveka bwino komanso otetezeka.

• Insufflation system:Kuti laparoscopy ikhale yotheka, madokotala amafunikira malo mkati mwamimba. Dongosolo la insufflation limapopera mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide m'mimba, ndikuuzira ngati baluni. Izi zimapanga malo oti zida zisunthike ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ziwalo zimalekanitsidwa, kuchepetsa kuvulala mwangozi.

• Zida ndi zowonjezera:Pafupi ndi laparoscope, madokotala opaleshoni amagwiritsa ntchito trocars (machubu opanda dzenje omwe amalola zida kudutsa khoma lamimba), nsonga, lumo, staplers, ndi zipangizo zamagetsi zodula ndi kusindikiza minofu. Chowonjezera chilichonse chimakhala ndi gawo lapadera pakumaliza ntchito za opaleshoni mosamala.

Zinthuzi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi ngati gawo lophatikizika, kusintha zomwe zikadakhala zosokoneza kukhala zosokoneza pang'ono. Kuphatikiza kwa kuwala, kuwala, ndi zida zapadera zopangira opaleshoni kumapangitsa kuti laparoscopy ikhale imodzi mwa njira zapamwamba kwambiri zamankhwala zamakono.

Laparoscope Ntchito Mfundo

Kugwira ntchito kwa laparoscope kumatengera mfundo zazikulu zitatu: kuyang'ana, kulenga malo, ndi kusamalira bwino. Zonse pamodzi, izi zimathandiza madokotala ochita opaleshoni kuti azitha kuyang'ana mkati mwa thupi molondola.

Kuwonera:Kamera ya laparoscope imatumiza zithunzi zodziwika bwino kuchipinda chopangira opaleshoni. Madokotala ochita opaleshoni amawonera chiwonetserochi m'malo moyang'ana mwachindunji m'thupi. Kuwona kwakukulu kumawongolera kulondola, kumathandizira kuzindikira zilonda zazing'ono, zomata, kapena mitsempha ya mitsempha yomwe ingasowe pochita opaleshoni yotseguka.

Kupanga danga:Carbon dioxide insufflation ndi mwala wapangodya wa njira za laparoscopic. Mpweya ukangolowetsedwa m'mimba, mpweya wotsekemera umapereka malo omveka bwino ogwirira ntchito. Izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo chovulaza ziwalo zozungulira ndikupanga malo omwe zida zopangira opaleshoni zimatha kugwira ntchito bwino.

Kusamalira molondola:Zida za laparoscopic ndi zazitali komanso zowonda, zomwe zimapangidwira kuti ziziyendetsedwa kunja kwinaku zikugwira ntchito mofewa mkati. Madokotala amawagwiritsa ntchito kudula minyewa, cauterize zotengera, kapena mabala a suture, nthawi yonseyi w

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Laparoscope mu Opaleshoni Yamakono

Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito laparoscopy ndi chiyani?Opaleshoni ya Laparoscopic yakhala yofunika kwambiri m'magawo ambiri azachipatala chifukwa imaphatikiza kuthekera kozindikira matenda ndi kuthekera kwachirengedwe. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumapitilira opaleshoni yanthawi zonse, gynecology, urology, oncology, komanso ngakhale mankhwala a bariatric. Munda uliwonse umapindula ndi kuvulala kocheperako komanso kulondola komwe kumaperekedwa ndi zida za laparoscopic.

Muambiri opaleshoni, laparoscopy imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa ndulu (cholecystectomy), appendectomy, kukonza chophukacho, ndi maopaleshoni amtundu. Njirazi, zomwe zimafuna kudulidwa m'mimba nthawi yayitali, tsopano zitha kuchitidwa ndi malo ochepa olowera. Odwala nthawi zambiri amakhala m'chipatala kwa nthawi yochepa, samva kupweteka kwambiri pambuyo pa opaleshoni, ndipo amabwereranso kuntchito zawo zachibadwa.

Mumatenda achikazi, laparoscopy ndi yofunika kwambiri. Azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda monga endometriosis, ovarian cysts, kapena fibroids nthawi zambiri amayesedwa ndi chithandizo cha laparoscopic. Opaleshoni ya Laparoscopic imathandiza madokotala kusunga chonde ngati n'kotheka, kuchotsa minofu yodwala, ndi kuchepetsa ululu wa m'chiuno. Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto losabereka, laparoscopy imatha kuwulula zinthu zobisika monga kutsekeka kwa machubu a fallopian kapena zomatira zomwe kujambula kokhazikika sikungathe kuzizindikira.

Muurology, laparoscopic nephrectomy (kuchotsa impso), opaleshoni ya prostate, ndi njira za adrenal glands zalowa m'malo njira zambiri zotseguka. Akatswiri a urology amakonda laparoscopy chifukwa amatha kuchepetsa kutayika kwa magazi komanso kuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Kwa khansa ya impso kapena adrenal gland, opaleshoni ya laparoscopic imapereka zotsatira za oncologic zofanana ndi opaleshoni yotsegula yopanda kuchira.

Ntchito zina zikuphatikizapoopaleshoni ya bariatric(njira zochepetsera thupi monga ngati gastric bypass kapena sleeve gastrectomy), pomwe laparoscopy yapangitsa kuti kukonzanso kwa m'mimba kukhale kotetezeka komanso kosavuta. Mu oncology, laparoscopy imapereka mwayi wopangira masitepe, kulola madokotala ochita opaleshoni kuti ayese kufalikira kwa khansa popanda kuyika odwala kuti adulidwe kwambiri.

Zitsanzo izi zikugogomezera chifukwa chake opaleshoni ya laparoscopic imatengedwa ngati kusintha kwamankhwala amakono. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zochepetsera pang'ono pazachipatala zosiyanasiyana, laparoscopy yakweza chisamaliro cha odwala, kuchepetsa mtengo wamankhwala, ndikusintha momwe maopaleshoni amaganizira za chithandizo cha opareshoni.

Makina a Laparoscope ndi Zotsogola Zaukadaulo

Ngakhale kuti mapangidwe apamwamba a laparoscope akhalabe osasinthasintha kuyambira pachiyambi, zatsopano zamakono zikupitiriza kukankhira malire a zomwe laparoscopy ingakwaniritse. Kupititsa patsogolo kumeneku kumapangitsa kumveka bwino kwa chithunzi, kumawonjezera kulondola kwa ochita opaleshoni, komanso kumapangitsa chitetezo cha odwala.

Zatsopano zaposachedwa zikuphatikizapo:

• Zithunzi za 4K ndi 3D:Machitidwe apamwamba a 4K amapereka zithunzi zowoneka bwino, pamene teknoloji ya 3D imabwezeretsa kuzindikira kwakuzama kwa madokotala opaleshoni. Kuphatikiza kumachepetsa kutopa ndikufupikitsa njira yophunzirira njira zovuta.

• Laparoscopy yothandizidwa ndi robotic:Mapulatifomu a robotic ngati da Vinci Surgical System amakulitsa luso la laparoscopic popereka zida zodziwika bwino zomwe zimatsanzira mayendedwe a dzanja, kuchepetsa kugwedezeka, ndi ma ergonomic apamwamba. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pa maopaleshoni osakhwima monga prostatectomy kapena hysterectomy.

• Laparoscopy zotayika:Ma laparoscope ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi amachotsa kuopsa kwa matenda osiyanasiyana komanso amachepetsa mtengo wokonzanso. Amakonda kutchuka m'makonzedwe opanda zida komanso muzapadera zomwe zimafunikira kusavuta.

• Kuyenda mothandizidwa ndi AI:Zida zanzeru zopangapanga tsopano zimathandiza madokotala ochita opaleshoni powunikira momwe thupi limapangidwira, kulosera komwe kuli mitsempha yamagazi, ndi kuchenjeza za zoopsa zomwe zingachitike. Izi zimapangitsa kuti laparoscopy ikhale yotetezeka komanso yosasinthika padziko lonse lapansi.

Kusintha kwaukadaulo uku kukuwonetsa zolinga ziwiri zachipatala chamakono: kukonza zotsatira za odwala ndikuchepetsa zovuta za opaleshoni. Kwa zipatala ndi magulu ogula zinthu, kukhalabe panopa ndi teknoloji ya laparoscope kumatsimikizira kupikisana kwachipatala komanso kukhazikika kwa nthawi yaitali.

Laparoscope Factory ndi Njira Yopanga

Laparoscope si kamera chabe mkati mwa chubu; ndi chopangidwa mwaukadaulo waukadaulo ndi kupanga. Kumvetsetsa momwe zidazi zimapangidwira ndikofunikira kwa zipatala, ogulitsa, ndi oyang'anira zogula omwe amayenera kuwunika mtundu wazinthu musanagule.

Zosankha:Opanga amadalira chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chamankhwala, ma polima apadera, ndi ma optics olondola kuti atsimikizire chitetezo ndi kulimba. Zipangizozi zimayenera kupirira kutsekeka kobwerezabwereza, kukhudzana ndi madzi am'thupi, komanso kupsinjika kwamakina panthawi ya opaleshoni.

Optical ndi electronic assembly:Dongosolo la Optical limapangidwa ndi magalasi apamwamba kwambiri kapena masensa a digito. Zigawozi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kulondola kwa microscopic kuti zisasokonezedwe. Njira zotumizira zowunikira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ma fiber optics, zimaphatikizidwa ndi magetsi a LED kapena xenon kuti zitsimikizire kuwunikira kosasintha.

Assembly ndi kuwongolera khalidwe:Laparoscope iliyonse imayesedwa mosamalitsa kuti ikhale yolimba, yomveka bwino, komanso kukana kubereka. Kuyesa kutayikira, kuyang'ana kowoneka bwino, ndi kuwunika kwa ergonomic ndi mbali zanthawi zonse zamafakitale. Miyezo yoyang'anira monga ISO 13485 opanga amawongolera kuti asunge kutsata kwapadziko lonse lapansi.

OEM ndi ODM kupanga:Mafakitole ambiri a laparoscope amapereka ntchito zopangira zida zoyambira (OEM) kapena ntchito zopangira zoyambira (ODM). Izi zimalola zipatala, ogawa, kapena zilembo zachinsinsi kuti zisinthe zomwe zili ngati ma ergonomic handles, makina ojambulira apamwamba, kapena ma robotiki ophatikizika pansi pa mayina awoawo.

Njira yopangira ikuwonetsa chifukwa chake ma laparoscope amasiyanasiyana pamtengo ndi mtundu wa ogulitsa. Maofesi okhala ndi makina apamwamba kwambiri, ogwira ntchito mwaluso, komanso ziphaso zapadziko lonse lapansi zimakonda kupanga zida zodalirika, kuwonetsetsa kuti opereka chithandizo chamankhwala kwanthawi yayitali.

Opanga ndi Opereka Laparoscope

Kwa zipatala, zipatala, ndi ogulitsa, kusankha woyenera laparoscope wopanga kapena wogulitsa ndikofunikira. Zosankha zogulira sizikhudza zotsatira zachipatala zokha komanso kukhazikika kwachuma komanso zofunikira zophunzitsira antchito.

Zofunika kuziganizira posankha ogulitsa:

• Kutsata malamulo:Odziwika bwino amapereka zikalata za chilolezo cha FDA, chizindikiritso cha CE, ndi ziphaso za ISO. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti zogulitsa zikukwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi yachitetezo ndi yabwino.

• Mphamvu zopanga ndi ziphaso:Zipatala zimafunikira chitsimikiziro chakuti opanga atha kupereka zinthu zokhazikika. Zinthu monga ma automation level, ogwira ntchito aluso, ndi machitidwe oyang'anira bwino zimakhudza izi.

• Mitundu yamitengo ndi kuchuluka kwa dongosolo locheperako (MOQ):Oyang'anira zogula ayenera kulinganiza mtengo ndi khalidwe. Mapangidwe amitengo osawoneka bwino komanso njira zosinthika zosinthika zimapangitsa kuti mgwirizano ukhale wokhazikika.

• Thandizo pambuyo pa malonda ndi maphunziro:Othandizira apamwamba sapereka zida zokha komanso mapulogalamu ophunzitsira, chithandizo chaukadaulo, ndi ntchito zosamalira. Zowonjezera izi zimatsimikizira kukhazikitsidwa bwino m'zipinda zogwirira ntchito.

Opanga laparoscope padziko lonse lapansi amasiyana kuchokera kumakampani akumayiko osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi zaka zambiri mpaka ogulitsa apadera am'madera omwe amapereka mitengo yopikisana. Kwa zipatala, kusankha kumadalira kulinganiza zovuta za bajeti ndi zosowa zachipatala. Otsatsa nthawi zambiri amakonda ogulitsa omwe amatha kusintha makonda a OEM/ODM, kuwonetsetsa kusiyana kwamisika yampikisano.

Tsogolo la Laparoscope Equipment

Tsogolo laukadaulo wa laparoscope lili pamzere wamankhwala, uinjiniya, ndi luso la digito. Zochitika pazaumoyo zikuwonetsa kuti m'badwo wotsatira wa laparoscope udzakhala wanzeru, wocheperako, komanso wokhazikika.

• Kuphatikiza ndi AI ndi kuphunzira makina:Ma laparoscope amtsogolo sadzangowonetsa zithunzi komanso kuzisanthula munthawi yeniyeni. Ma algorithms amatha kuzindikira kutuluka magazi, kuwunikira m'mphepete mwa chotupa, kapena kupereka njira yotetezeka kwambiri yopangira opaleshoni.

• Miniaturization ndi micro-laparoscopy:Kupita patsogolo kwa ma optics ndi zida zikutsegulira njira yopangira ma laparoscopes owonda kwambiri. Zida zimenezi zithandiza kuti maopaleshoni asakhale ochepa kwambiri omwe amatha kuchira mwachangu komanso mabala ochepa.

• Opaleshoni yakutali ndi telehealth:Kuphatikizidwa ndi ma robotics ndi maukonde a 5G, ma laparoscopes amatha kulola maopaleshoni kuchita maopaleshoni pamtunda wautali. Izi zitha kukulitsa mwayi wopeza maopaleshoni apamwamba kwambiri m'malo osatetezedwa.

• Kukhazikika komanso kukonza zachilengedwe:Pogogomezera kwambiri chisamaliro chaumoyo chobiriwira, opanga akupanga ma laparoscope omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zobwezerezedwanso ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu panthawi yopanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito.

Zatsopanozi zidzasintha momwe ma laparoscope amagwiritsidwira ntchito m'zipatala zapamwamba komanso zipatala zapagulu padziko lonse lapansi. Kwa odwala, izi zikutanthauza mwayi wopeza maopaleshoni ochepa kwambiri. Kwa opanga ndi ogulitsa, imayimira mwayi watsopano wogwirizana ndi kusintha kwaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi kulondola, chitetezo, ndi kukhazikika.

Mwachidule, laparoscope ndi yoposa chida cha opaleshoni-ndi chizindikiro cha kupita patsogolo kwachipatala kwamakono. Kwa odwala, imapereka njira yotetezeka yodziwira matenda ndi chithandizo. Kwa madokotala ochita opaleshoni, amapereka kulondola komanso kuwongolera. Ndipo kwa zipatala ndi ogulitsa, zikuwonetsa msika womwe ukupita patsogolo pomwe zatsopano komanso zabwino zimayendetsa bwino kwanthawi yayitali. Pamene chithandizo chamankhwala chikupitirirabe patsogolo, laparoscope idzakhalabe patsogolo pa opaleshoni yochepa kwambiri, kupanga tsogolo la chisamaliro cha odwala ndi luso lachipatala mofanana.

FAQ

1. Kodi laparoscope imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji mu zamankhwala?

   Laparoscope imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga opaleshoni yochepa, yomwe imalola madokotala kuti awone mkati mwa mimba kapena chiuno. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa ndulu, appendectomy, gynecology, urology, ndi matenda a khansa.

2. Kodi opaleshoni ya laparoscopic imatengedwa ngati opaleshoni yayikulu?

   Opaleshoni ya laparoscopic imakhala yosavutikira pang'ono, koma ngati imayikidwa ngati yayikulu zimadalira njira yeniyeni. Kuzindikira laparoscopy ndi yaying'ono, pamene opaleshoni ya laparoscopic colon kapena gynecologic ikhoza kukhala maopaleshoni akuluakulu, ngakhale osapweteka kwambiri kuposa opaleshoni yotsegula.

3. Nchifukwa chiyani odwala amafunikira laparoscopy?

   Odwala angafunike kufufuza kwa laparoscopic pamene njira zojambula monga ultrasound, CT, kapena MRI sizingapereke kumveka kokwanira. Imathandiza kuzindikira ululu wa m'mimba, endometriosis, kusabereka, kapena matenda omwe amawaganizira kuti ndi khansa ndipo imatha kulola chithandizo chanthawi yomweyo munthawi yomweyo.

4. Kodi laparoscope imagwira ntchito bwanji panthawi ya opaleshoni?

   Laparoscope imagwira ntchito pokulitsa mimba pamimba ndi mpweya wa CO₂, kuika chubu yaying'ono ndi kamera, ndi kutumiza zithunzi ku polojekiti. Kenako madokotala amachita opaleshoni pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera kudzera m’zidutswa ting’onoting’ono.

5. Kodi opaleshoni ya laparoscopic imapereka ubwino wanji kwa odwala?

   Opaleshoni ya Laparoscopic imachepetsa kukula kwake, kupweteka kwapambuyo pa opaleshoni, nthawi yochira, komanso kuopsa kwa matenda poyerekeza ndi opaleshoni yotsegula. Amaperekanso maopaleshoni ndi malingaliro okulirapo komanso omveka bwino a ziwalo zamkati.